Monodisperse Pt nanoparticle arrays block copolymer nanopatterning and their reaction kinetics on CO oxidation.

Advances in nanotechnology are able to open up new prospects for catalysis, particularly through the development of catalytic systems featuring precisely controlled size and distribution of metal nanoparticles. In this study, we prepared a model catalytic system, where monodisperse Pt nanoparticles, approximately 8 nm in size, were uniformly distributed onto CeO and SiO/Si substrates block copolymer (BCP) nanopatterning. To address the validity of these catalysts, we conducted a case study on CO oxidation in a continuous flow reactor, investigated the reaction kinetics, and compared our observations with those reported in the literature.

Large-scale fabrication of meta-axicon with circular polarization on CMOS platform.

Metasurfaces, consisting of arrays of subwavelength structures, are lightweight and compact while being capable of implementing the functions of traditional bulky optical components. Furthermore, they have the potential to significantly improve complex optical systems in terms of space and cost, as they can simultaneously implement multiple functions. The wafer-scale mass production method based on the CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) process plays a crucial role in the modern semiconductor industry.

Clinical Significance of Incident Osteoporotic Fractures After Kidney Transplantation: A National Korean Cohort Study.

Rationale & Objective: Recipients of kidney allografts are at risk for osteoporotic fractures (OF), but their association with patient and allograft outcomes remains uncertain due to common coexisting risks and complex medical conditions. This study sought to assess if overall incidence of OF among recipients of kidney allografts compared to patients receiving maintenance dialysis for kidney failure.

Study Design: A national retrospective cohort study.

Intracellular gene transfer (IGT) events from the mitochondrial genome to the plastid genome of the subtribe ferulinae drude (Apiaceae) and their implications.

Background: Intracellular gene transfer (IGT) is a phenomenon in genome evolution that occurs between the nuclear and organellar genomes of plants or between the genomes of different organelles. The majority of the plastid genomes (plastomes) in angiosperms have a conserved structure, but some species exhibit unexpected structural variations.

Results: In this study, we focused on the Ferulinae, which includes Ferula, one of the largest genera in the Apiaceae family.

Bioelastic state recovery for haptic sensory substitution.

The rich set of mechanoreceptors found in human skin offers a versatile engineering interface for transmitting information and eliciting perceptions, potentially serving a broad range of applications in patient care and other important industries. Targeted multisensory engagement of these afferent units, however, faces persistent challenges, especially for wearable, programmable systems that need to operate adaptively across the body. Here we present a miniaturized electromechanical structure that, when combined with skin as an elastic, energy-storing element, supports bistable, self-sensing modes of deformation.

High-precision extracellular-vesicle isolation-analysis integrated platform for rapid cancer diagnosis directly from blood plasma.

Cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in body fluids hold promise as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. For sEV-based liquid biopsy, isolation of sEVs with a high-purity and cancer-sEV detection with an extremely high sensitivity are essential because body fluids include much higher density of normal-cell-derived sEVs and other biomolecules and bioparticles. Here, we propose an isolation-analysis-integrated cancer-diagnosis platform based on dielectrophoresis(DEP)-ELISA technique which enables a three orders of magnitude higher sensitivity over conventional ELISA method and direct cancer diagnosis from blood plasma with high accuracy.

Application of a Deep Learning-Based Contrast-Boosting Algorithm to Low-Dose Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography With Reduced Iodine Load.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a deep learning-based image contrast-boosting algorithm by enhancing the image quality of low-dose computed tomography pulmonary angiography at reduced iodine load.

Methods: This study included 179 patients who underwent low-dose computed tomography pulmonary angiography with a reduced iodine load using 64 mL of a 1:1 mixture of contrast medium from January 1 to June 30, 2023. For single-energy computed tomography, the noise index was set at 15.

Deep learning-based fully automatic Risser stage assessment model using abdominal radiographs.

Background: Artificial intelligence has been increasingly used in medical imaging and has demonstrated expert level performance in image classification tasks.

Objective: To develop a fully automatic approach for determining the Risser stage using deep learning on abdominal radiographs.

Materials And Methods: In this multicenter study, 1,681 supine abdominal radiographs (age range, 9-18 years, 50% female) obtained between January 2019 and April 2022 were collected retrospectively from three medical institutions and graded manually using the United States Risser staging system.

Discovery of indazole inhibitors for heat shock protein 90 as anti-cancer agents.

A series of indazole analogs, derived from the B,C-ring-truncated scaffold of deguelin, were designed to function as C-terminal inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and investigated as novel antitumor agents against HER2-positive breast cancer. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 12d exhibited substantial inhibitory effects in trastuzumab-sensitive (BT474) and trastuzumab-resistant (JIMT-1) breast cancer cells, with IC values of 6.86 and 4.

A wirelessly programmable, skin-integrated thermo-haptic stimulator system for virtual reality.

Sensations of heat and touch produced by receptors in the skin are of essential importance for perceptions of the physical environment, with a particularly powerful role in interpersonal interactions. Advances in technologies for replicating these sensations in a programmable manner have the potential not only to enhance virtual/augmented reality environments but they also hold promise in medical applications for individuals with amputations or impaired sensory function. Engineering challenges are in achieving interfaces with precise spatial resolution, power-efficient operation, wide dynamic range, and fast temporal responses in both thermal and in physical modulation, with forms that can extend over large regions of the body.

The HSP90 inhibitor HVH-2930 exhibits potent efficacy against trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer.

Resistance to targeted therapies like trastuzumab remains a critical challenge for HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Despite the progress of several N-terminal HSP90 inhibitors in clinical trials, none have achieved approval for clinical use, primarily due to issues such as induction of the heat shock response (HSR), off-target effects, and unfavorable toxicity profiles. We sought to examine the effects of HVH-2930, a novel C-terminal HSP90 inhibitor, in overcoming trastuzumab resistance.

Analysis of the global transcriptome and miRNAome associated with seed dormancy during seed maturation in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare).

Background: Seed dormancy is a biological mechanism that prevents germination until favorable conditions for the subsequent generation of plants are encountered. Therefore, this mechanism must be effectively established during seed maturation. Studies investigating the transcriptome and miRNAome of rice embryos and endosperms at various maturation stages to evaluate seed dormancy are limited.

Bioresorbable shape-adaptive structures for ultrasonic monitoring of deep-tissue homeostasis.

Monitoring homeostasis is an essential aspect of obtaining pathophysiological insights for treating patients. Accurate, timely assessments of homeostatic dysregulation in deep tissues typically require expensive imaging techniques or invasive biopsies. We introduce a bioresorbable shape-adaptive materials structure that enables real-time monitoring of deep-tissue homeostasis using conventional ultrasound instruments.

Non-interleaved chiral metasurfaces and neural networks enhance the spatial resolution of polarimetry.

Non-interleaved chiral metasurfaces for high-spatial-resolution polarimetry are proposed and demonstrated. Furthermore, a convolutional neural network is incorporated to analyze interferometric images with the polarization state of light, and it results in accurate Stokes parameters.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Adylov, Kamelin & Makhmedov 1987 (Lamiaceae), an endemic species of Fergana Valley.

Adylov, Kamelin & Makhmedov 1987 is one of the poorly studied narrow endemics of Fergana Valley, one of Central Asia's most densely human-populated regions. In this study, we sequenced, assembled, and characterized the complete plastome of by using high-throughput Illumina reads. The complete chloroplast genome consisted of 151,324 bp, including a large single-copy (LSC) region (82,775 bp), a small single-copy (SSC) region (17,357 bp), and two inverted repeat regions (25,596 bp each).

Wireless broadband acousto-mechanical sensing system for continuous physiological monitoring.

The human body generates various forms of subtle, broadband acousto-mechanical signals that contain information on cardiorespiratory and gastrointestinal health with potential application for continuous physiological monitoring. Existing device options, ranging from digital stethoscopes to inertial measurement units, offer useful capabilities but have disadvantages such as restricted measurement locations that prevent continuous, longitudinal tracking and that constrain their use to controlled environments. Here we present a wireless, broadband acousto-mechanical sensing network that circumvents these limitations and provides information on processes including slow movements within the body, digestive activity, respiratory sounds and cardiac cycles, all with clinical grade accuracy and independent of artifacts from ambient sounds.

Suppression of TNBC metastasis by doxazosin, a novel dual inhibitor of c-MET/EGFR.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by aggressive growth and a high propensity for recurrence and metastasis. Simultaneous overexpression of c-MET and EGFR in TNBC is associated with worse clinicopathological features and unfavorable outcomes. Although the development of new c-MET inhibitors and the emergence of 3-generation EGFR inhibitors represent promising treatment options, the high costs involved limit the accessibility of these drugs.

Perception, performance, and detectability of conversational artificial intelligence across 32 university courses.

The emergence of large language models has led to the development of powerful tools such as ChatGPT that can produce text indistinguishable from human-generated work. With the increasing accessibility of such technology, students across the globe may utilize it to help with their school work-a possibility that has sparked ample discussion on the integrity of student evaluation processes in the age of artificial intelligence (AI). To date, it is unclear how such tools perform compared to students on university-level courses across various disciplines.

Implantable, Bioresorbable Radio Frequency Resonant Circuits for Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in clinical care and medical research. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the measurement affects parameters that determine the diagnostic value of the image, such as the spatial resolution, contrast, and scan time. Surgically implanted radiofrequency coils can increase SNR of subsequent MRI studies of adjacent tissues.

Development of a metabolite calculator for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Background: Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 is a known pancreatic cancer (PC) biomarker, but is not commonly used for general screening due to its low sensitivity and specificity. This study aimed to develop a serum metabolites-based diagnostic calculator for detecting PC with high accuracy.

Methods: A targeted quantitative approach of direct flow injection-tandem mass spectrometry combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was employed for metabolomic analysis of serum samples using an Absolute IDQ™ p180 kit.