Select Dietary Components Are Associated With Better Global Cognition in U.S. Adults With HIV: A Pilot Study.

People with HIV (PWH) are at an increased risk for cognitive impairment. Lifestyle factors can have protective effects on cognition; little work has examined diet and cognitive function in PWH. In this cross-sectional pilot study, 86 PWH (mean age 56 years) completed diet recalls and a neurocognitive assessment.

Neglect of older adults living with dementia in family caregiving: A dimensional concept analysis.

Objective: To present a concept analysis of neglect, specifically examining its occurrence and implications in the context of family caregiving for older adults living with dementia.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, and Embase databases in February 2023. Inclusion criteria targeted articles focusing on neglect in dementia family caregiving, leading to the identification of 11 articles for thorough review.

A 2-Year Longitudinal Randomized Control Trial of Speed of Processing Cognitive Training in Aging Adults with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: Results of the Think Fast Study.

Nearly 40% of people with HIV (PWH) experience HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND). In this 3-group efficacy study, 216 PWH 40 + years with HAND or borderline HAND were randomized to either: (1) 10 h of SOP training (n = 70); (2) 20 h of SOP training (n = 73), or (3) 10 h of Internet navigation training (n = 73; contact control group). Participants were administered a measure of SOP [i.

A 2-Year, Randomized, Clinical Trial Examining the Effects of Speed of Processing Cognitive Training on Quality-of-Life Indicators in Adults With HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder in Birmingham, Alabama: Results of the Think Fast Study.

Speed of processing (SOP) cognitive training may improve indicators of the quality of life (QoL) in people living with HIV. In this 2-year, longitudinal, randomized, controlled trial, 216 participants ages 40 years and older with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder or borderline HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder were assigned to one of three groups: (a) 10 hr of SOP training (n = 70); (b) 20 hr of SOP training (n = 73), or (c) 10 hr of internet navigation control training (a contact control group; n = 73). Participants completed several QoL measures at baseline, posttest, and Year 1 and Year 2 follow-ups.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Social Cognition Among People Living with HIV: Implications for Non-Social Cognition and Social Everyday Functioning.

Social cognition-the complex mental ability to perceive social stimuli and negotiate the social environment-has emerged as an important cognitive ability needed for social functioning, everyday functioning, and quality of life. Deficits in social cognition have been well documented in those with severe mental illness including schizophrenia and depression, those along the autism spectrum, and those with other brain disorders where such deficits profoundly impact everyday life. Moreover, subtle deficits in social cognition have been observed in other clinical populations, especially those that may have compromised non-social cognition (i.

Neurocognition and its predictors in a linguistically and culturally diverse cohort of people with HIV.

: HIV/AIDS disproportionately affects Black and Latino people in the United States, yet there is a lack of research on predictors of neurocognitive outcomes in these groups. We examined neurocognitive performance and its key predictors across White, Black, and Latino people with HIV (PWH). : Participants included 586 PWH of White, Black, and Latino (English- and Spanish-speaking) background.

Symptomatology and Quality of Life of Older People With HIV and Comorbid Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases From an HIV Clinic in Birmingham, Alabama.

Psychological symptomatology and quality of life (QoL) have been studied in older people with HIV (PWH) and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respectively, but there is a dearth of studies in older PWH with COPD. Our study compared depressive symptoms, anxiety, and QoL between older PWH with and without COPD using data from an HIV clinic in Birmingham, Alabama, from January 2018 to February 2020. Data on depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire-5 Anxiety), and QoL (EuroQoL-5 Dimension) were analyzed.

Palliative Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: An Evolutionary Concept Analysis of Uncertainty in Anticipated Loss.

Background: Although the concepts of uncertainty and anticipated loss have been explored in a variety of contexts, advances in genetic testing and life-sustaining technology rendered changes in the care of medically complex infants. The separate concepts no longer have the descriptive power to clarify new phenomena endured by parents in the changing neonatal landscape. A current concept analysis examining uncertainty in anticipated loss is necessary to generate knowledge concurrently with deviations observed in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Associations Between Estimates of Arterial Stiffness and Cognitive Functioning in Adults With HIV.

Background: Vascular aging, a precursor of arterial stiffness, is associated with neurocognitive impairment (NCI) and cardiovascular disease. Although HIV is associated with rapid vascular aging, it is unknown whether arterial stiffness mediates changes in cognitive function. We explored whether estimated markers of vascular aging were associated with NCI indices in HIV-positive individuals.

A descriptive assessment of the informed consent document used by congenital cardiac surgery centres.

Background: Informed consent for surgery is a complex process particularly in paediatrics. Complexity increases with procedures such as CHD surgery. Regulatory agencies outline informed consent contents for surgery.

Cognitive intra-individual variability in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review.

Subjective and objective cognitive impairments in Breast Cancer Survivors (BCS) often do not correlate. One important contribution to the reported disparities may be the reliance on mean-based cognitive performance. Cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) may provide important insights into these reported disparities.

The Association Between Intrapersonal Resilience Resources and Quality of Life Among Older Persons Living With HIV: A Systematic Review.

Despite positive improvements in health care, older persons living with HIV (PWH) still face psychosocial challenges and medical issues that affect their overall quality of life (QoL). Intrapersonal resilience resources may serve as a protective factor allowing PWH to better cope with adversity, thereby improving their well-being. In our systematic review, we examined intrapersonal resilience resources and their association with QoL outcomes among middle-aged and older PWH (≥40 years).

Preventing Neurocognitive Decline in Adults Aging with HIV: Implications for Practice and Research.

Mild to moderate forms of neurocognitive impairment persist among people living with HIV (PLWH), despite being virally suppressed on antiretroviral therapy. PLWH are disproportionally impacted by physiological and psychosocial comorbidities compared to those without HIV. As adults live longer with HIV, the neurocognitive burden of physiological and psychosocial stressors can impair everyday functioning and may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.

Cognitive prescriptions for reducing dementia risk factors among Black/African Americans: feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy.

Objectives: Black/African Americans (B/AAs) have double the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia than Whites, which is largely driven by health behaviors. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a pilot randomized clinical trial of an individualized multidomain health behavior intervention among middle-aged and older B/AAs (dubbed Cognitive Prescriptions [CogRx]).

Design: Thirty-nine community-dwelling B/AA participants aged 45-65 without significant cognitive impairment were randomized to one of three groups: CogRx, Psychoeducation, or no-contact control.

Two-year clinical trial examining the effects of speed of processing training on everyday functioning in adults with human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and borderline HAND in the U.S. Deep South: Findings of the Think Fast Study.

Many people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) experience cognitive decline that impairs everyday functioning. Cognitive training approaches, such as speed of processing (SOP) training, may reduce the impact of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) on everyday functioning. In this experimental design study called the Think Fast Study, 216 participants age 40 and older with HAND or borderline HAND were randomized to one of three groups: (1) 10 h of SOP training ( = 70); (2) 20 h of SOP training ( = 73); or (3) 10 h of Internet Navigation Control Training (a contact control group;  = 73).

A 2-year longitudinal randomized controlled trial examining the transfer of speed of processing training to secondary cognitive domains in middle-aged and older adults with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: Results of the think fast study.

Objective: As people with HIV (PWH) age, they are at-risk of developing cognitive impairments compared to their seronegative counterparts. Although speed of processing (SOP) training may help improve this cognitive ability, less work has examined transfer to other cognitive domains. This study examined the effect of SOP training has on secondary cognitive domains in PWH aged 40+ years.

Understanding the Impact of Span of Control on Nurse Managers and Hospital Outcomes.

Goal: Span of control is a multidimensional concept requiring a comprehensive definition that captures the complexities of the nurse manager's role in acute care settings. This concept analysis aimed to identify factors associated with span of control and provide a comprehensive definition outlining the breadth of this concept.

Methods: ProQuest, PubMed, and Scopus databases were used to search peer-reviewed literature addressing the span of control in acute care nurse management.

Health Literacy in Parents of Children Newly Diagnosed With Cancer and Comprehension of Key Concepts Related to Their Child's Care.

There is a paucity of literature regarding health literacy in pediatric oncology. We sought to understand the relationship between health literacy and comprehension of key new diagnosis education concepts in parents of children newly diagnosed with cancer. Using data from a study evaluating a structured new diagnosis discharge teaching intervention, we performed a secondary analysis to understand the relationship between parental health literacy (Brief Health Literacy Screener: BHLS) and comprehension of six key concepts (child's diagnosis, primary oncologist, and treatment plan; seeking emergent care; fever definition; re-dosing medication).

Predictors of an Active Lifestyle in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with HIV in the United States Deep South.

Background And Purpose: An active lifestyle is important for health maintenance and disease prevention. This study was to examine what factors predict an active lifestyle in HIV+ and HIV- adults from the United States Deep South.

Methods: The sample included 279 participants (174 HIV+ and 105 HIV-) who completed a comprehensive assessment.

Does Olfactory Training Improve Brain Function and Cognition? A Systematic Review.

Olfactory training (OT), or smell training,consists of repeated exposure to odorants over time with the intended neuroplastic effect of improving or remediating olfactory functioning. Declines in olfaction parallel declines in cognition in various pathological conditions and aging. Research suggests a dynamic neural connection exists between olfaction and cognition.

Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Correlates of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults Living With HIV.

Background: Inflammation is an indicator of oxidative stress that may contribute to cardiovascular diseases in older people living with HIV (OPWH). Physical activity (PA) may reduce these biomarkers in OPWH, but little is known about the association of PA with inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers. We sought to examine the inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarker correlates of PA and sedentary behavior in OPWH.

Cardiometabolic Diseases and Quality-of-Life Outcomes in Adults With HIV in the Deep South: A Cross-sectional Study.

The role of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) on physical health-related quality of life (P-HRQoL) and quality of sleep was examined among 261 PLWH ≥40 years, recruited from a university-affiliated HIV clinic in the Deep U.S. South.

A Pilot Study of Self-Rated and Psychophysical Olfactory Dysfunction in Men Living with HIV.

Background: Olfactory loss is associated with poor quality of life, malnutrition, and increased risk of depression, yet few studies have examined unawareness of olfactory dysfunction in men living with HIV (MLWH).

Method: MLWH ( = 51) completed olfaction self-ratings, psychophysical odor identification testing, cognitive measures, and questionnaires assessing smell habits, mood, cognitive failures, and quality of life. The sensitivity and specificity of olfactory self-ratings was calculated, and -tests were used to examine factors contributing to discordance between self-rated and psychophysical olfaction dysfunction.

The Association Between Objectively-Measured Physical Activity and Cognitive Functioning in Middle-Aged and Older People Living with HIV.

Middle-aged and older people living with HIV (PWH) are at higher risk for cognitive impairment and engage in lower levels of physical activity (PA) than seronegative counterparts. Research examining the association between objectively-measured PA and cognitive function in this population is scarce. This cross-sectional study examined the association between accelerometry-measured PA and cognitive functioning among 75 PWH (mean age 55.