Binucleate induced tomato resistance against via affecting antioxidants and cell wall reinforcement.

Isolates of (AG-3 PT, AG-4 HG-I, AG-4 HG-II) and one binucleate sp. (BNR) belonging to AG-Bb were investigated for pathogenicity on tomato cultivar Mobil. The BNR isolate revealed the lowest virulence and it was used as biocontrol agent against AG-4 HG-II, which showed the highest virulence on tomato.

The genus Acrophialophora: History, phylogeny, morphology, beneficial effects and pathogenicity.

The genus Acrophialophora is a thermotolerant fungus, which is widely distributed in temperate and tropical zones. This fungus is classified in Ascomycota and belongs to the Chaetomiaceae family and the genera of Parathielavia, Pseudothielavia and Hyalosphaerella are closely related to Acrophialophora. For this genus have been reported 28 species so far, which two species of Acrophialophora jodhpurensis and Acrophialophora teleoafricana produce only sexual phase and other species produce asexual form.

Efficacy of ergosterol peroxide obtained from the endophytic fungus Acrophialophora jodhpurensis against Rhizoctonia solani.

Aim: To investigate antifungal activity of the extract and major metabolite of the endophytic fungus Acrophialophora jodhpurensis (belonging to Chaetomiaceae) against crown and root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris), as an important pathogen of tomato.

Methods And Results: The endophytic fungus A. jodhpurensis, has high inhibitory effect against R.

Acrophialophora jodhpurensis: an endophytic plant growth promoting fungus with biocontrol effect against .

In this study, efficiency of the endophytic fungal isolate Msh5 was evaluated on promoting tomato plant growth and controlling , the causal agent of early blight in tomatoes. Morphological and molecular (ITS and tub2 sequences) analyses revealed that the fungal isolate, Msh5, was ( Lodha). This beneficial fungus was capable of producing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), urease, siderophore, extracellular enzymes, and solubilized phosphate.

Crosstalk of nitro-oxidative stress and iron in plant immunity.

Accumulation of oxygen and nitrogen radicals and their derivatives, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), occurs throughout various phases of plant growth in association with biotic and abiotic stresses. One of the consequences of environmental stresses is disruption of homeostasis between production and scavenging of ROS and RNS, which leads to nitro-oxidative burst and affects other defense-related mechanisms, such as polyamines levels, phenolics, lignin and callose as defense components related to plant cell wall reinforcement. Although this subject has attracted huge interest, the cross-talk between these signaling molecules and iron, as a main metal element involved in the activity of various enzymes and numerous vital processes in the living cells, remains largely unexplored.

Plant Growth-Promoting Activity of FG106 and Its Ability to Act as a Biocontrol Agent against Potato, Tomato and Taro Pathogens.

strain FG106 was isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato plants and identified through morphological analysis, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that this strain could control several pathogens on tomato, potato, taro, and strawberry. Volatile and non-volatile metabolites produced by the strain are known to adversely affect the tested pathogens.

The Arac-like transcriptional regulator YqhC is involved in pathogenicity of Erwinia amylovora.

Aims: This study aimed to identify virulence-associated genes and functions that affect disease development on pear caused by Erwinia amylovora EaUMG3 isolated from Iran.

Methods And Results: A mini-Tn5 transposon library was generated in EaUMG3. An E.

Genomic, phylogenetic and catabolic re-assessment of the Pseudomonas putida clade supports the delineation of Pseudomonas alloputida sp. nov., Pseudomonas inefficax sp. nov., Pseudomonas persica sp. nov., and Pseudomonas shirazica sp. nov.

Bacteria of the Pseudomonas putida group are studied for a large panel of properties ranging from plant growth promotion and bioremediation to pathogenicity. To date, most of the classification of individual pseudomonads from this group relies on 16S RNA gene analysis, which is insufficient for accurate taxonomic characterization within bacterial species complexes of the Pseudomonas putida group. Here, a collection of 20 of these bacteria, isolated from various soils, was assessed via multi-locus sequence analysis of rpoD, gyrB and rrs genes.

Farnesol altered morphogenesis and induced oxidative burst-related responses in AG1-IA.

Farnesol induces morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis in filamentous fungi. Growth-inhibitory effect and induced features of apoptosis on AG1-IA were observed in our study by addition of exogenous farnesol to the culture. The obtained results implied that farnesol triggered apoptosis-like features, such as production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in AG1-IA and that there was increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the presence of farnesol, as well as decreased fungal biomass.

Phylogenetic diversity and antagonistic traits of root and rhizosphere pseudomonads of bean from Iran for controlling Rhizoctonia solani.

Fluorescent pseudomonads from bean root and rhizosphere in Iran were investigated for biocontrol of the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated 16S rRNA, gyrB and rpoD sequences for 33 Pseudomonas isolates showed that 15 belonged to four clusters within the 'P. fluorescens' group, i.

Reactive oxygen species accumulation and homeostasis are involved in plant immunity to an opportunistic fungal pathogen.

Alternaria blight is a major and destructive disease of potato worldwide. In recent years, A. tenuissima is recognized as the most prevalent species of this phytopathogenic fungus in potato fields of Asian countries, which causes high yield losses every year.

The Effect of Citrus Essential Oils and Their Constituents on Growth of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.

Citrus bacterial canker (CBC) caused by subsp. (), is the most devastating of the citrus diseases worldwide. During our study, we found that Essential oils (EOs) of some citrus cultivars are effective on .

Whole-Genome Sequence of EK007-RG4, a Promising Biocontrol Agent against a Broad Range of Bacteria, Including the Fire Blight Bacterium .

Here, we report the first draft whole-genome sequence of strain EK007-RG4, which was isolated from the phylloplane of a pear tree. EK007-RG4 displays strong antagonism against , the causal agent for fire blight disease, in addition to several other pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria.

The role of nitric oxide in basal and induced resistance in relation with hydrogen peroxide and antioxidant enzymes.

Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the main signal molecules, which is involved in plant growth and development and can change regular physiological activity in biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the role of NO in induced resistance with Pseudomonas fluorescent (CHA0) and basal resistance against Rhizoctonia solani in bean plant was investigated. Our results revealed that P.

Genetic and Virulence Analysis of Rhizoctonia spp. Associated with Sugar Beet Root and Crown Rot in the Northeast Region of Iran.

Rhizoctonia spp. are the main causal agents of root and crown rot on sugar beet. In this study, isolates of Rhizoctonia spp.

The role of a periplasmic gluconolactonase (PpgL)-like protein in Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a.

In Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a, the Psyr_1712 locus ID encodes a putative protein with a signal peptide and a COG2706 domain of the type present in 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzymes. An amino acid sequence alignment of the P.

Different aspects of bacterial communication signals.

The communication or quorum-sensing signal molecules (QSSM) are specialized molecules used by numerous gram-negative bacterial pathogens of animals and plants to regulate or modulate bacterial virulence factor production. In plant-associated bacteria, genes encoding the production of these signal molecules, QSSMs, were discovered to be linked with the phenotype of bacterium, because mutation of these genes typically disrupts some behaviors of bacteria. There are other regulator genes which respond to the presence of signal molecule and regulate the production of signal molecule as well as some virulence factors.

A survey on basal resistance and riboflavin-induced defense responses of sugar beet against Rhizoctonia solani.

We examined basal defense responses and cytomolecular aspects of riboflavin-induced resistance (IR) in sugar beet-Rhizoctonia solani pathsystem by investigating H(2)O(2) burst, phenolics accumulation and analyzing the expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (cprx1) genes. Riboflavin was capable of priming plant defense responses via timely induction of H(2)O(2) production and phenolics accumulation. A correlation was found between induction of resistance by riboflavin and upregulation of PAL and cprx1 which are involved in phenylpropanoid signaling and phenolics metabolism.

Riboflavin induces resistance in rice against Rhizoctonia solani via jasmonate-mediated priming of phenylpropanoid pathway.

Vitamins are plant growth regulators and activators of defense responses against pathogens. The cytomolecular mechanisms involved in the induction of resistance by chemicals especially vitamins on monocotyledonous plants are largely unknown. Here, we show that riboflavin, which acts as a defense activator in rice against economically important sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani, primed the expression of lipoxygenase (LOX) as a key gene in octadecanoid pathway, and enhanced lignification.

Characterization, Genetic Structure, and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. Associated with Rice Sheath Diseases in India.

ABSTRACT Isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. were obtained from rice in India during 2000-2003. Characterization by conventional techniques and polymerase chain reaction showed that from 110 isolates, 99 were R.