Maternal vitamin D supplementation and treadmill exercise attenuated vitamin D deficiency-induced anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors in adult male offspring rats.

Background: Vitamin D is a vital neuroactive steroid for brain development and function. Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide health problem, particularly in children and women. Gestational or developmental vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.