Age-related changes in auditory temporal processing assessed using forward masking.

One of the main complaints of older adults is difficulty understanding speech in noise. For older adults with audiometric thresholds within the normal range this difficulty may partly reflect deficits in temporal processing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of age on the rate of recovery from forward masking.

The Relationship Between Penumbral Tissue and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Acute Stroke Patients Presenting in an Extended Time Window.

Penumbral brain tissue identified with multimodal imaging can be salvaged with reperfusion in an extended time window. The risk of severe hemorrhagic complications after reperfusion therapy increases with worsening disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The relationship between penumbral tissue and BBB disruption has not been previously studied.

Frequency of thrombolytic targets in stroke patients presenting in an extended time window.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of stroke patients presenting in an extended time window who have a thrombolytic treatment target.

Background: Patients presenting up to 24 h after stroke onset have been found to have penumbral tissue on multimodal imaging. Stroke patients presenting in this extended time window without a large vessel occlusion (LVO) may benefit from reperfusion therapy using thrombolysis.

Blood-brain barrier integrity of stroke patients presenting in an extended time window.

Background: Current guidelines limit thrombolytic treatment of stroke to those patients who present within 4.5 h to minimize the risk of hemorrhagic complications. Risk of hemorrhage increases with increasing blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption.

From CT to 3D Printed Models, Serious Gaming, and Virtual Reality: Framework for Educational 3D Visualization of Complex Anatomical Spaces From Within-the Pterygopalatine Fossa.

We describe the framework for capturing the internal view of complex anatomical spaces via multiple media and haptic platforms, exemplified by realistic and conceptual representations of the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF). A realistic three-dimensional (3D) mesh of the PPF was developed by segmenting the osseous anatomy on computed tomography (CT) using Materialize InPrint. Subsequently in Autodesk 3D Studio Max, the realistic mesh was enhanced with graphically designed neurovascular anatomy and additionally a conceptual representation of the PPF with its connections and contents was created.

Using 3D-Printed Mesh-Like Brain Cortex with Deep Structures for Planning Intracranial EEG Electrode Placement.

Surgical evaluation of medically refractory epilepsy frequently necessitates implantation of multiple intracranial electrodes for the identification of the seizure focus. Knowledge of the individual brain's surface anatomy and deep structures is crucial for planning the electrode implantation. We present a novel method of 3D printing a brain that allows for the simulation of placement of all types of intracranial electrodes.

CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway in glioblastoma multiforme.

Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is described as one of the most frequent primary brain tumors. These types of malignancies constitute only 15% of all primary brain tumors. Despite, extensive developments on effective therapeutic methods during the 20th century as well as the first decade of the present century (21st), the median survival rate for patients suffering from GBM is only approximately 15 months, even in response to multi-modal therapy.

Challenging script concordance test reference standard by evidence: do judgments by emergency medicine consultants agree with likelihood ratios?

Background: We aimed to compare the clinical judgments of a reference panel of emergency medicine academic physicians against evidence-based likelihood ratios (LRs) regarding the diagnostic value of selected clinical and paraclinical findings in the context of a script concordance test (SCT).

Findings: A SCT with six scenarios and five questions per scenario was developed. Subsequently, 15 emergency medicine attending physicians (reference panel) took the test and their judgments regarding the diagnostic value of those findings for given diseases were recorded.