Evaluation of sources, spatial and temporal distribution, ecological and health risk associated with CAF (Caffeine) and DEET (N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) contamination in the urban groundwater parts of Vellore city, Tamilnadu, India.

Urban environments are heavily influenced by various activities, leading to contamination of water sources by emerging contaminants (ECs). Among these, caffeine (CAF) and N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) are notable ECs frequently found in domestic sewage due to human activities. Despite extensive research on emerging contaminants, limited studies have focused on the seasonal variations, human health and ecological risks of CAF and DEET in urban groundwater, particularly in Indian cities.

Assessing the efficacy of river bank filtration around a check dam in a non-perennial river for rural water supply in southern India.

Ideal locations for bank filtration wells were identified by assessing the efficiency of river bank filtration around a check dam in a non-perennial river located in southern India. The methodology of this study includes water sampling and water level measurements from existing wells, analysis of geochemical and biological parameters, pumping tests and borehole drilling. The conservative chloride and water level measurements indicate that production wells can be positioned up to 300 m from the check dam along the groundwater flow direction.

Fuzzy logic-based health risk assessment of fluoride in groundwater used as drinking source in Sira region, Tumkur, India.

Fluoride contamination in drinking water is a serious public health concern across the world, and more than 90 million people in India are affected by health risks associated with fluoride. Though the fatality due to fluoride chronic toxicity is uncommon, the exposure to fluoride at different concentration levels shows various adverse health effects such as dental and skeletal fluorosis, multiorgan failure, cognitive and behavioural effects. Hence, the objectives of the present study are to understand the hydrogeochemistry and drinking water suitability of groundwater of the Sira region, Karnataka, India, and to understand the occurrence of fluoride and its health risks using the United State Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) method and fuzzy logic concepts.

Managed Aquifer Recharge in the Gulf Countries: A Review and Selection Criteria.

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are arid with very limited availability of water resources. In recent years, these countries have started an intensive program to increase the storage of groundwater through various techniques of managed aquifer recharge (MAR). Water consisting of varying quantity and quality (derived from various sources) are used via MAR techniques to increase the groundwater storage and, if possible to enhance its quality, respectively.