A Review on the Adsorption Isotherms and Design Calculations for the Optimization of Adsorbent Mass and Contact Time.

Adsorption is a widely used chemical engineering unit operation for the separation and purification of fluid streams. Typical uses of adsorption include the removal of targeted pollutants like antibiotics, dyes, heavy metals, and other small to large molecules from aqueous solutions or wastewater. To date several adsorbents that vary in terms of their physicochemical properties and costs have been tested for their efficacy to remove these pollutants from wastewater.