Work-Life Integration for Women in Pediatric Emergency Medicine: Themes Identified Through Group Level Assessment.

Objective: Women in medicine generally have higher burnout and lower career satisfaction and work-life integration compared with men. This study identifies factors that contribute to burnout, career satisfaction, and work-life integration in women pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians.

Methods: Self-identified women PEM physicians in the United States participated in a virtual focus group using Group Level Assessment methodology.

Association between positive blood culture and clinical outcomes among children treated for sepsis in the emergency department.

Objective: Among children treated for sepsis in a pediatric emergency department (ED), compare clinical features and outcomes between those with blood cultures positive versus negative for a bacterial pathogen.

Design: Single-center retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Pediatric emergency department (ED) at a quaternary pediatric care center.

Gender Differences in Work-Life Integration, Career Satisfaction, and Burnout in Pediatric Emergency Medicine Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Objective: Women physicians report worse work-life integration, career satisfaction, and burnout than men. No studies have evaluated work-life integration and career satisfaction in pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) or explored gender differences for these outcomes. This study aims to (1) compare work-life integration, career satisfaction, and burnout in women and men PEM physicians and (2) compare associated individual and occupational factors to distinguish modifiable factors.

Implementation and Maturity of Clinical Learning Environment Components Across Pediatric Residency Programs.

Objective: Pediatric residency programs prioritize clinical learning environment components depending on resource availability, institutional constraints and culture, and accreditation requirements. However, there is limited literature on the landscape of implementation and maturity of clinical learning environment components across programs nationally.

Methods: We used Nordquist's clinical learning environment conceptual framework to craft a survey around the implementation and maturity of learning environment components.

Assessment of Temporal Patterns and Patient Factors Associated With Oseltamivir Administration in Children Hospitalized With Influenza, 2007-2020.

Importance: Oseltamivir therapy is recommended for all pediatric inpatients with influenza, particularly those with high-risk conditions, although data regarding its uptake and benefits are limited.

Objective: To describe temporal patterns and independent patient factors associated with the use of oseltamivir and explore patterns in resource use and patient outcomes among children hospitalized with influenza.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at 36 tertiary pediatric hospitals participating in the Pediatric Health Information System in the US.

Association of Early Oseltamivir With Improved Outcomes in Hospitalized Children With Influenza, 2007-2020.

Importance: Oseltamivir is recommended for all children hospitalized with influenza, despite limited evidence supporting its use in the inpatient setting.

Objective: To determine whether early oseltamivir use is associated with improved outcomes in children hospitalized with influenza.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter retrospective study included 55 799 children younger than 18 years who were hospitalized with influenza from October 1, 2007, to March 31, 2020, in 36 tertiary care pediatric hospitals who participate in the Pediatric Health Information System database.

Longitudinal Trends in Pediatric Return Visits to US Emergency Departments.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate trends in pediatric emergency department (ED) 72-hour return visits and factors associated with return visits.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study from 2002 to 2018 using the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a complex survey of nonfederal US ED encounters. Patients 18 years or older were excluded.

Pediatric emergency medicine fellowship point-of-care ultrasound training in 2020.

Objectives: The primary objective was to survey pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) leaders and fellows regarding point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) training in PEM fellowship programs, including teaching methods, training requirements, and applications taught. Secondary objectives were to compare fellows' and program leaders' perceptions of fellow POCUS competency and training barriers.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of U.

An evidence-based review of primary spontaneous pneumothorax in the adolescent population.

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a relatively common problem in emergency medicine. The incidence of PSP peaks in adolescence and is most common in tall, thin males. Recent advances in the care of patients with PSP have called into question traditional approaches to management.

Association of Bacteremia with Vaccination Status in Children Aged 2 to 36 Months.

Objective: To determine the association between bacteremia and vaccination status in children aged 2-36 months presenting to a pediatric emergency department.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study of children aged 2-36 months with blood cultures obtained in the pediatric emergency department between January 2013 and December 2017. The exposure of interest was immunization status, defined as number of Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccinations, and the main outcome positive blood culture.

Burnout and Association With Resident Performance as Assessed by Pediatric Milestones: An Exploratory Study.

Introduction: Prior work demonstrating that burnout is associated with decreased performance in medical trainees has relied on self-report and/or single-site studies. We explored the relationship between burnout status and Milestones-based scores in pediatric residents nationally.

Methods: In April to June 2016, we confidentially surveyed residents using the Maslach Burnout Inventory.

Global Health Experiences, Well-Being, and Burnout: Findings From a National Longitudinal Study.

Objective: Describe the demographics of pediatric and internal medicine/pediatric residents participating in global health (GH) experiences and examine relationships between GH involvement and self-perceived burnout, resilience, mindfulness, empathy, and spirituality.

Methods: The Pediatric Resident Burnout and Resilience Study Consortium developed a national longitudinal study through collaboration with the Association of Pediatric Program Directors' Longitudinal Educational Assessment Research Network. Electronic surveys were administered to pediatric trainees annually (2016-2018).

Evaluation for Neonatal HSV in Infants Undergoing Workup for Serious Bacterial Infection: A 5-Year Retrospective Review.

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of infants evaluated for serious bacterial infection, focusing on empirical testing and treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and describe the characteristics of HSV-positive patients.

Methods: We included infants aged 0 to 60 days undergoing evaluation for serious bacterial infection in the emergency department. This descriptive study was conducted between July 2010 and June 2014 at a tertiary-care children's hospital.

Diagnosis and Management of Neonatal Herpes Simplex Infection in the Emergency Department.

Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection (HSV) is rare in neonates, with an estimated global incidence of 10 per 100,000 live births. Neonatal HSV is challenging to diagnose due to often vague signs and symptoms. Untreated, the mortality of some HSV subtypes exceeds 80%.

Automated Versus Manual Band Counts for the Diagnosis of Invasive Bacterial Infections in Infants Who Are Febrile.

We conducted a secondary analysis of a prospective study of infants ≤60 days of age who were febrile to assess the diagnostic accuracy of automated vs manual immature neutrophils for invasive bacterial infections. Although manual counts were superior compared with automated counts, bands had suboptimal accuracy overall and had significant variability in test characteristics based on methodology.

Burnout in Pediatric Residents: Three Years of National Survey Data.

Background: We aimed to describe the national epidemiology of burnout in pediatric residents.

Methods: We conducted surveys of residents at 34 programs in 2016, 43 programs in 2017, and 49 programs in 2018. Survey items included the Maslach Burnout Inventory, demographics, program characteristics, personal qualities, experiences, and satisfaction with support, work-life balance, and learning environment.

Using Quality Improvement to Implement a Standardized Approach to Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus.

Objectives: Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are associated with high mortality and long-term morbidity. However, incidence is low and acyclovir, the treatment of choice, carries risk of toxicity. We aimed to increase the percentage of patients 0 to 60 days of age who are tested and treated for HSV in accordance with local guideline recommendations from 40% to 80%.

Do Mindfulness and Self-Compassion Predict Burnout in Pediatric Residents?

Purpose: Burnout symptoms are common among health professionals. Gaps remain in understanding both the stability of burnout and compassion over time and relationships among burnout, self-compassion, stress, and mindfulness in pediatric residents.

Method: The authors conducted a prospective cohort study of residents at 31 U.

Burnout in Pediatric Residents: Comparing Brief Screening Questions to the Maslach Burnout Inventory.

Background: Measuring burnout symptoms is important, but the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) has 22 items. This project compared 3 single-item measures with the MBI and other factors related to burnout.

Methods: Data were analyzed from the 2016 and 2017 Pediatric Resident Burnout-Resilience Study Consortium surveys, which included standard measures of perceived stress, mindfulness, resilience, and self-compassion; the MBI; and the 1- and 2-item screening questions.

Variability of Burnout and Stress Measures in Pediatric Residents: An Exploratory Single-Center Study From the Pediatric Resident Burnout-Resilience Study Consortium.

Residency is a high-risk period for physician burnout. We aimed to determine the short-term stability of factors associated with burnout, application of these data to previous conceptual models, and the relationship of these factors over 3 months. Physician wellness questionnaire results were analyzed at 2 time points 3 months apart.

Development and Implementation of an End-of-Life Curriculum for Pediatric Residents.

Background: Caring for a child near the end of life (EOL) can be a stressful experience. Resident physicians are often the frontline providers responsible for managing symptoms, communicating difficult information, and pronouncing death, yet they often receive minimal education on EOL care.

Objective: To develop and implement an EOL curriculum and to study its impact on resident comfort and attitudes surrounding EOL care.