Effect of cobalt ions doping on morphology and electrochemical properties of hydroxyapatite coatings for biomedical applications.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is an engineered biomaterial that closely resembles the hard tissue composition of humans. Biological HA is commonly non-stoichiometric and features lower crystallinity and higher solubility than stoichiometric HA. The chemical compositions of these biomaterials include calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and trace amounts of various ions such as magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and strontium (Sr).

Effect of ionic liquid as a surfactant in hydroxyapatite coatings for improvement corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V substrates for implant applications.

Research on hydroxyapatite (HAP) coatings for bone tissue applications has been investigated for decades due to their significant osteoconductive and bioactivity properties. HAP closely resembles the mineral component of human bone, making it ideal for biomedical applications such as implants. This study investigates the synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP-NPs) via the microemulsion method, which is essential for creating HAP coatings on the Ti-6Al-4V substrate.

Machine learning strengthened formulation design of pharmaceutical suspensions.

Many different formulation strategies have been investigated to oppose suboptimal treatment of long-term or chronic conditions, one of which are the nano- and microsuspensions prepared as long-acting injectables to prolong the release of an active pharmaceutical compound for a defined period of time by regulating the size of particles by milling. Typically, surfactant and/or polymers are added in the dispersion medium of the suspension during processing for stabilization purposes. However, current formulation investigations with milling are heavily based on prior expertise and trial-and-error approaches.

Pickering emulsions for stimuli-responsive transdermal drug delivery: effect of rheology and microstructure on performance.

This work investigates the design of stimuli-responsive Pickering emulsions (PEs) for transdermal drug delivery applications, by exploring the impact of stabilising microgels size and interactions on their rheological and release properties. Temperature-responsive poly(-isopropylacrylamide) microgels modified with 1-benzyl-3-vinylimidazolium bromide (pNIPAM--BVI) are synthesized in varying sizes and used to stabilise jojoba oil-in-water concentrated emulsions. The results reveals two distinct behaviours: for small microgels (∼300 nm), the PEs exhibit a smooth, uniform structure characterised by a mild yield stress, characteristic of soft glassy systems.

Controlled release of doxorubicin from Poly-(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles prepared by coaxial electrospraying.

Enhancing the efficacy and reducing the toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents like doxorubicin (DOX) is crucial in cancer treatment. Core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) fabricated by coaxial electrospraying offer controlled release of anticancer agents with the polymer shell protecting drug molecules from rapid degradation, prolonging therapeutic effect. This study developed DOX-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs.

Polymeric nanoparticles produced by electrohydrodynamic atomisation for the passive delivery of imatinib.

Imatinib is a chemotherapeutic agent known to cause severe side effects when administrated systemically. Encapsulating imatinib in co-polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) offers a targeted drug delivery. In this work, PLGA 50:50 and PLGA 75:25 NPs encapsulated imatinib using the electrohydrodynamic atomisation technique.

Mental Health Care Utilization and its Barriers among Iranian Breast Cancer Survivors: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Depression and anxiety are common comorbidities complicating the care of breast cancer patients, but many patients do not receive the needed care. We aimed to assess utilization of mental health care and its barriers in breast cancer survivors.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 311 patients with breast cancer, in Iran, November 2021 to March 2022.

Advancing non-destructive analysis of 3D printed medicines.

Pharmaceutical 3D printing (3DP) has attracted significant interest over the past decade for its ability to produce personalised medicines on demand. However, current quality control (QC) requirements for traditional large-scale pharmaceutical manufacturing are irreconcilable with the production offered by 3DP. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) have recently published documents supporting the implementation of 3DP for point-of-care (PoC) manufacturing along with regulatory hurdles.

Effect of the Previous History of the SARS-CoV-2 Infections on Antibody Levels among Sputnik V Vaccinated Healthcare Workers.

Background: Measuring the level of antibodies produced post-vaccination in response to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is considered a strategy for estimating the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines.

Objective: To examine the antibody levels among the healthcare workers in different hospitals in Mashhad, Iran after receiving the second dose of Sputnik V.

Methods: In this study, we enrolled 230 healthcare workers for evaluating the Gam-COVID-Vac or Sputnik V after the second administration in different hospitals in Mashhad.

Co-delivery of saxagliptin and dapagliflozin by electrosprayed trilayer poly (-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery.

Coaxial electrospray is advantageous for the production of multidrug-releasing nanocarriers because it permits precise control over particle size, inhibits initial burst release, and offers moderate preparation conditions. In this study, a single-step coaxial electrospray technique is presented that achieves over 90 % co-encapsulation of the saxagliptin and dapagliflozin, two drugs treating type 2 diabetes, into biodegradable poly (-lactide-co-glicolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy reveals spherical and smooth shapes with diameters ranging from 534.

Machine learning to empower electrohydrodynamic processing.

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) processes are promising healthcare fabrication technologies, as evidenced by the number of commercialised and food-and-drug administration (FDA)-approved products produced by these processes. Their ability to produce both rapidly and precisely nano-sized products provides them with a unique set of qualities that cannot be matched by other fabrication technologies. Consequently, this has stimulated the development of EHD processing to tackle other healthcare challenges.

Polymeric Nanocomposite Structures Based on Functionalized Graphene with Tunable Properties for Nervous Tissue Replacement.

Electroconductive scaffolds can be a promising approach to repair conductive tissues when natural healing fails. Recently, nerve tissue engineering constructs have been widely investigated due to the challenges in creating a structure with optimized physiochemical and mechanical properties close to the native tissue. The goal of the current study was to fabricate graphene-containing polycaprolactone/gelatin/polypyrrole (PCL/gelatin/PPy) and polycaprolactone/polyglycerol-sebacate/polypyrrole (PCL/PGS/PPy) with intrinsic electrical properties through an electrospinning process.

Effects of plant species on soil quality in natural and planted areas of a forest park in northern Iran.

Reforestation may help protect the health of endangered forest ecosystems. To implement this action, it is important to evaluate the effects of the planted species on soil quality. Previous studies have demonstrated that soil properties are closely driven by the effects of plant roots and plant remains (quantity and quality) reaching the soil surface.

Copolymer Composition and Nanoparticle Configuration Enhance in vitro Drug Release Behavior of Poorly Water-soluble Progesterone for Oral Formulations.

Hypothesis: Developing oral formulations to enable effective release of poorly water-soluble drugs like progesterone is a major challenge in pharmaceutics. Coaxial electrospray can generate drug-loaded nanoparticles of strategic compositions and configurations to enhance physiological dissolution and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drug progesterone.

Experiments: Six formulations comprising nanoparticles encapsulating progesterone in different poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) matrix configurations and compositions were fabricated and characterized in terms of morphology, molecular crystallinity, drug encapsulation efficiency and release behavior.

High-performance chemiresistor-type NH gas sensor based on three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline hybrid.

In this study, a novel gas sensor is proposed based on a three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline (3D RGO/PANI) hybrid, which is synthesized by a hydrothermal method for detecting NH gas at room temperature. The 3D RGO/PANI hybrid is characterized by field emission-scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and x-ray diffraction. The specific surface area is analyzed using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) equation.

Influence of crops on soil properties in agricultural lands of northern Iran.

This study evaluates the effects of land use and soil management on a combination of physico-chemical, biological and hydrological properties of soil, in order to assess its quality. Three land uses were selected at the Fuman area, near Masouleh (Iran), grouping soils covered by tea, garden crops and rice. A total of 24 soil samples (3 land uses × 4 replications × 2 soil layers, topsoil and sub-surface soil) was collected; microbial respiration, available water, stability of soil aggregates, pH, organic matter, cation exchange capacity and nutrient content (P, K, N, Mg and Ca) were determined in each land use/soil layer.

Enhanced efficacy in drug-resistant cancer cells through synergistic nanoparticle mediated delivery of cisplatin and decitabine.

There are several limitations with monodrug cancer therapy, including poor bioavailability, rapid clearance and drug resistance. Combination therapy addresses these by exploiting synergism between different drugs against cancer cells. In particular, the combination of epigenetic therapies with conventional chemotherapeutic agents can improve the initial tumour response and overcome acquired drug resistance.

Electrosprayed microparticles for intestinal delivery of prednisolone.

Single and coaxial electrospraying was used to prepare Eudragit L100-55 polymer microparticles containing prednisolone as the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Different compositions of prednisolone and Eudragit L100-55 were used to develop five different formulations with different polymer : drug ratios. The resultant microparticles had a toroidal shape with a narrow size distribution.

Norbornene chaotropic salts as low molecular mass ionic organogelators (LMIOGs).

Phenylalanine functionalised norbornene () functions as a potent, low molecular-mass ( = 333 Da) ionic organogelator with a minimum gelating concentration of 0.5 wt% in THF, -PrOH, 1,4-dioxane and -BuOH. Fibrous crystals form in the gel and X-ray crystallography identified a cation mediated helical assembly process controlled by the chirality of the phenylalanine.

Alginate foam-based three-dimensional culture to investigate drug sensitivity in primary leukaemia cells.

The development of assays for evaluating the sensitivity of leukaemia cells to anti-cancer agents is becoming an important aspect of personalized medicine. Conventional cell cultures lack the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the bone marrow (BM), the extracellular matrix and stromal components which are crucial for the growth and survival of leukaemia stem cells. To accurately predict the sensitivity of the leukaemia cells in an assay a culturing system containing the essential components of BM is required.

Drug Delivery Strategies for Platinum-Based Chemotherapy.

Few chemotherapeutics have had such an impact on cancer management as cis-diamminedichloridoplatinum(II) (CDDP), also known as cisplatin. The first member of the platinum-based drug family, CDDP's potent toxicity in disrupting DNA replication has led to its widespread use in multidrug therapies, with particular benefit in patients with testicular cancers. However, CDDP also produces significant side effects that limit the maximum systemic dose.

Electrohydrodynamic fabrication of core-shell PLGA nanoparticles with controlled release of cisplatin for enhanced cancer treatment.

Increasing the clinical efficacy of toxic chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin (CDDP), via targeted drug delivery, is a key area of research in cancer treatment. In this study, CDDP-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully prepared using electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA). The configuration was varied to control the distribution of CDDP within the particles, and high encapsulation efficiency (>70%) of the drug was achieved.

The generation of compartmentalized nanoparticles containing siRNA and cisplatin using a multi-needle electrohydrodynamic strategy.

This study outlines a novel manufacturing technique for the generation of compartmentalized trilayered nanoparticles loaded with an anti-cancer agent and siRNA as a platform for the combination treatment of cancers. More specifically, we describe the use of a multi-needle electrohydrodynamic approach to produce nanoparticles with high size specificity and scalable output, while allowing suitable environments for each therapeutic agent. The inner polylactic-glycolic-acid (PLGA) layer was loaded with cisplatin while the middle chitosan layer was loaded with siRNA.

Electrohydrodynamic encapsulation of cisplatin in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery.

Targeted delivery of potent, toxic chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin, is a significant area of research in cancer treatment. In this study, cisplatin was successfully encapsulated with high efficiency (>70%) in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymeric nanoparticles by using electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) where applied voltage and solution flow rate as well as the concentration of cisplatin and polymer were varied to control the size of the particles. Thus, nanoparticles were produced with three different drug:polymer ratios (2.