Changes in Serum Proteins in Cats with Obesity: A Proteomic Approach.

Obesity is defined as the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue and is currently the most common disease in cats. Similarly to humans, obesity negatively impacts the health and welfare of cats, predisposing them to many other disorders. The objective of this study was to compare the serum proteomes of normal-weight and overweight/obese cats, aiming to gain insights into the physiopathology of feline obesity and potentially identify new biomarkers.

New strategies to classify canine pleural effusions and the diagnostic value of acute phase proteins, amylase, and adenosine deaminase in pleural exudates.

Background: In dogs, simplified Light's criteria can discriminate transudates from exudates. Other tests used in human medicine are pleural effusion cholesterol (CHOL) and butyrylcholinesterase [BChE], the pleural effusion/serum ratio of these analytes (CHOL and BChE), and the serum albumin minus pleural effusion albumin gradient (SEAG).

Objectives: We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracies of different biomarkers in dogs with pleural effusion in differentiating exudates from transudates.

The use of serum paraoxonase-1 to assess inflammation in horses with colitis.

Background: Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) has been suggested as a marker of inflammation and oxidative stress in horses and could potentially be used for prognostication in horses with colitis.

Objectives: Assessment of PON-1 in horses with colitis and comparison of two methods.

Methods: Serum PON-1 was measured by two methods (paraoxon and p-nitrophenyl acetate) in 161 horses with colitis and 57 controls.

Measurement of Trace Elements (Zinc, Copper, Magnesium, and Iron) in the Saliva of Horses: Validation Data and Changes in Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS).

The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible use of spectrophotometric assays for the measurement of trace elements, including Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in the saliva of horses and study their possible changes in equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). EGUS is a highly prevalent disease, with a current high incidence due to the increase in intensive management conditions. There are two EGUS diseases: equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) and equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD), which can appear individually or together.

Burning Mouth Syndrome Treated with Low-Level Laser and Clonazepam: A Randomized, Single-Blind Clinical Trial.

Objective: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain disorder characterized by intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, with the absence of any identifiable lesions. Numerous treatments for BMS have been investigated, though without conclusive results. An analysis was conducted of the efficacy of treatment with a low-level diode laser and clonazepam in patients with BMS, and a study was carried out on the levels of different salivary biomarkers before and after treatment.

Evaluation of the presence of gingivitis as confounding factor in assessing inflammatory status in serum and saliva of dogs with diabetes mellitus.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the serum and salivary inflammatory markers induced by Diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs and to assess the possible confounding effect of gingivitis. A panel of 13 cytokines was measured in the serum and saliva of dogs diagnosed with DM and compared with healthy dogs without gingivitis (control group 1; CG1) and dogs with gingivitis but otherwise healthy (control group 2; CG2). The results of the present study showed statistically significantly higher levels of IL-8, KC-like and MCP1 in the serum of dogs with DM compared to CG1 dogs.

Saliva Sampling Material Matters: Effects on the Results of Saliva Analysis in Pigs.

The use of saliva as a biological sample from pigs is of high practical interest because blood collection from pigs is difficult and stressful. In this study, the influence of two different materials, a cotton roll and a polypropylene sponge, in porcine saliva collection was evaluated. For this purpose, the effect of the material used for sampling was evaluated in a panel of 13 analytes, including those related to stress (cortisol and oxytocin), inflammation and immunity (adenosine deaminase, haptoglobin and myeloperoxidase), redox homeostasis (the cupric reducing ability of saliva, the ferric reducing activity of saliva, and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity), and sepsis (procalcitonin), as well as other routine analytes related to metabolism and different tissues and organs, such as lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, urea, and total protein concentration.

Serum Ferritin in Obese Dogs: Changes and Comparison with Other Analytes.

Canine obesity is the most common nutritional disorder and is associated with decreased quality of life and longevity as well as comorbidities including cardiorespiratory, endocrine, oncologic, or orthopaedic disorders. Ferritin is a major acute-phase protein in dogs, increasing during inflammation; however, it could also be affected by other conditions, including trauma, iron metabolism dysregulations, neoplasia, or hypoxia. Higher ferritin levels have been reported in obese humans, but ferritin has not been explored in canine obesity.

Acute Phase Proteins in Dogs with Natural Infection by .

Acute phase proteins have been used as tools for the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of several diseases in domestic animals. However, the dynamics of these proteins in infection by , the causative agent of Chagas disease in dogs, is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine concentrations of acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, ferritin and paraoxonase-1) in dogs in a coastal town of Ecuador, with natural infection with or without seroreactivity of , , , , and .

Divergences between serum C-reactive protein and ferritin concentrations in canine pyometra.

The main aim of this report was to investigate and compare the response of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin, two positive acute phase proteins (APPs) which usually show an increase in inflammatory processes, in dogs with pyometra. For this purpose, two different studies were made. In the first one , both proteins were measured together in an APPs profile in 25 dogs with pyometra, 25 dogs with pancreatitis (as an example of a positive inflammatory control group), and in 25 healthy dogs.

Evaluation of a Comprehensive Profile of Salivary Analytes for the Diagnosis of the Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome.

In this report, the measurement of salivary biomarkers as an aid for diagnosis of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) was studied. A comprehensive panel of 23 salivary analytes was measured in the saliva of horses affected by EGUS and compared to healthy animals and horses with other diseases clinically similar to EGUS but with a negative diagnosis at gastroscopic examination. A total of 147 horses were included in the study and divided into heathy population ( = 12), the EGUS group ( = 110), and the group of horses with other diseases ( = 25).

Automated assays for trace elements and ferritin measurement in saliva of pigs: Analytical validation and a pilot application to evaluate different iron status.

The aim of this study was to validate automated methods to measure iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and ferritin in pig saliva samples. A complete analytical validation was performed of all assays. In addition, these methods were applied to saliva of Fe supplemented (n = 22) and non-supplemented (n = 20) piglets.

Improved Joint Health Following Oral Administration of Glycosaminoglycans with Native Type II Collagen in a Rabbit Model of Osteoarthritis.

A prospective, experimental, randomized, double blinded study was designed to evaluate the effects of glycosaminoglycans, with or without native type II collagen (NC), in an osteoarthritis model induced by cranial cruciate ligament transection. The following compounds were tested: chondroitin sulfate (CS), glucosamine hydrochloride (GlHCl), hyaluronic acid (HA) and NC. Fifty-four female 12-week-old New Zealand rabbits were classified into three groups: CTR (control-no treatment), CGH (CS + GlHCl + HA) and CGH-NC (CS + GlHCl + HA + NC).

Response to Treatment with Melatonin and Clonazepam versus Placebo in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome.

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin and clonazepam versus placebo in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Methods: a prospective double-blind study was carried out in patients with BMS and randomized to three groups: melatonin (1 mg once a day), clonazepam (0.5 mg/twice a day), or a placebo once a day, for 8 weeks.

Low-cost do-it-yourself (DIY) mannequin for blood collection: A comprehensive evaluation about its use in teaching.

The use of mannequins to practice different clinical procedures in undergraduate students complies with the 3R principle (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) without affecting professional competencies. However, commercial solutions are often expensive and therefore, not available for many schools. The main aim of this study was to describe the development and validation of an economical Do-It-Yourself mannequin for jugular blood collection from dogs.

Clinical leishmaniosis in a captive Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in Spain: a case report.

Background: Captive and free-ranging wild mammals have been recognized as potential reservoirs of Leishmania infantum infection. The aim of this study was to describe the first clinical case of leishmaniosis in the Eurasian otter.

Case Presentation: A case of clinical leishmaniosis is reported in a 4-year-old male Eurasian otter housed at a wildlife park (Murcia, South Eastern Spain).

Salivary Biomarkers and Their Correlation with Pain and Stress in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate a panel of salivary analytes involving biomarkers of inflammation, stress, immune system and antioxidant status in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and to study their relationship with clinical variables.

Materials And Methods: A total of 51 patients with BMS and 31 controls were consecutively enrolled in the study, with the recording of oral habits, the severity of pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) score and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP14) score. Resting whole saliva was collected with the drainage technique, followed by the measurement of 11 biomarkers.

Salivary biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes that can occur in saliva components in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) of different severity and determine if any of these components could be a biomarker of this disease. Therefore, a panel of selected analytes related to the amyloid cascade, the immune and adrenergic systems, among others, were analyzed in the saliva of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: A total of 152 patients with AD and controls were included.

Comparison of acute phase proteins in different clinical classification systems for canine leishmaniosis.

The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the acute phase protein (APP) concentrations that dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum show in different clinical stages of disease staged according to the Leishvet and CLWG classifications. In addition, these classifications are compared with the groups based on APP recommendations published recently. Medical records of 458 dogs with leishmaniosis whose samples were submitted to our laboratory for clinical pathology evaluation were reviewed and 77 cases met the inclusion criteria.

Measurement of urea and creatinine in saliva of dogs: a pilot study.

Background: Urea and creatinine in saliva have been reported to be possible markers of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans. The aim of this study was to assess if urea and creatinine could be measured in canine saliva, and to evaluate their possible changes in situations of CKD.

Results: The spectrophotometric assays for urea and creatinine measurements in saliva of dogs showed intra- and inter-assay imprecision lower than 12% and coefficients of correlation close to 1 in linearity under dilution tests.

Changes in serum anti-Leishmania antibody concentrations measured by time-resolved immunofluorometric assays in dogs with leishmaniosis after treatment.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in anti-Leishmania IgG2 and IgA antibodies measured by two time-resolved immunofluorometric assays (TR-IFMAs) recently validated and by means of a commercially available ELISA test in dogs with leishmaniosis after treatment. Serum samples from 16 dogs with clinical leishmaniosis were obtained on days 0, 30 and 180 of treatment. In addition, these serological changes were compared with the clinical signs and selected analytes (total proteins, albumin, globulins and urinary protein:creatinine ratio).