Corrigendum to "Manipulation Under Anesthesia in Infants With Arthrogenic Newborn Torticollis: A Retrospective Case Series" [Journal of Chiropractic Medicine 17 (2018) 289-297].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.

[Preventive pain therapy. Preventive tramadol infusion versus bolus application in the early postoperative phase].

Even today, adequate postoperative analgesia is still a great problem. Based on positive results of former studies using a continuous infusion of tramadol for postoperative pain relief, we aimed to improve this regimen. In order to investigate the effectiveness of preventive analgesia, one group of patients was given 100 mg tramadol (Tramal) at the time of extubation, followed by a maintenance infusion.

Comparison of tramadol with morphine for post-operative pain following abdominal surgery.

In a multi-centre, double-blind, randomized study involving 523 patients, the analgesic efficacy of tramadol was compared to that of morphine given in repeated intravenous boluses as required to control post-operative pain following abdominal surgery over 24 h. Intravenous administration of the study analgesic started as soon as the patient reported pain. Patients received an initial dose (either tramadol 100 mg or morphine 5 mg) and, if necessary, repeat doses of tramadol 50 mg or morphine 5 mg could be given on demand over the first 90 min.

[Postoperative analgesia with tramadol. Continuous infusion versus repetitive bolus administration].

Postoperative pain relief can be achieved by several methods, including the use of systemic opioids and regional anaesthesia with intrathecal or epidural opioids or local anaesthetics. On-demand analgesia using a PCA (patient-controlled analgesia) system is regarded as the ideal option for systemic opioid analgesia. While PCA devices are not yet commonly used in all recovery units, the use of repetitive boluses on demand is still the most frequent form of administration in postoperative pain therapy.

[Essential standards of mechanical autologous donation and transfusion].

Apparative autologous blood donation and transfusion can be performed by simple devices (Bentley ATS, Sorenson, Solcotrans) or by using cell separation and RBC-washing (Dideco, Haemonetics). Due to many problems in retransfusion of recovered whole blood, simple devices should no longer be used. By mechanical autotransfusion including cell separation and RBC-washing, an autologous RBC-concentrate of high quality is reached.

[Intra- and postoperative autotransfusion--a quality analysis].

In clinical practice intra- and postoperative autotransfusion is well established, especially in combination with other blood saving techniques (praeoperative blood deposit, praeoperative plasmapheresis and normovolaemic haemodilution). During autotransfusion red blood cells should be separated and washed in physiological saline to remove plasma free haemoglobin, potassium, intracellular enzymes and triglycerides as well as anticoagulant, activated clotting factors and debris. After knowing the mechanism of the recently developed autotransfusion devices (Haemonetics Cell Saver or Dideco Autotrans) acceptance of this procedure is very high in anaesthesiologists and surgeons due to microelectronic equipment.

[Tramadol infusion anesthesia with the substitution of enflurane and various nitrous oxide concentrations].

The synthetic opioid tramadol was given to 40 patients during surgery according to a fixed, calculated infusion scheme. Anesthesia was started with thiopental and the patients were given different nitrous oxide concentrations via a semi-open system (group 1: 60%, group 2: 75%). The aim of this study was to clarify whether this anaesthetic procedure is practicable or whether it has grave disadvantages in comparison with the anesthesia models used so far.

Red blood cell survival and morphology during and after intraoperative autotransfusion.

In an animal experimental model the survival of untreated red blood cells (RBC) tagged with 51Cr was compared with cells processed by an autotransfusion device separating and washing the RBC tagged with 111In. Intraoperative autotransfusion (IAT) was done by the Haemonetics Cell Saver. Additionally the morphology of human RBC was investigated in different stages of IAT by the aid of scanner electron micrographs.

[Intraoperative autotransfusion in extensive orthopedic interventions].

In large orthopaedic operations massive blood losses sometimes can hardly be avoided. Apart from other autotransfusion methods (repeated preoperative withdrawal of blood or isovolaemic haemodilution) the intraoperative autotransfusion (IAT) has proved particularly useful. By means of the autotransfusion system Haemonetics Cell Saver, whose functional performance is described in the following, there was a decrease in homologous erythrocytes of 60.

[Heparin elimination in intraoperative autotransfusion with the haemonetics cell saver].

Intraoperative autotransfusion has proved useful in decreasing decisively the need of donor blood in major operations. Due to an important technical development of the equipment used including the possibility to separate red blood cells and to wash them in physiological saline, typical problems occurring during intraoperative autotransfusion seem to be overcome for the most part. One of these problems is the retransfusion of the citrate or heparin added for anticoagulation of blood.

[Use of neomycin-bacitracin irrigating solution with intraoperative autotransfusions during orthopedic operations].

Although there is doubt about the importance of rinsing the operative field with a solution containing locally acting antibiotics, it is frequently done. In this paper we tried to answer the question, wether intraoperative autotransfusion (IAT) with the Haemonetics Cell Saver is contraindicated during rinsing the operative area with locally acting antibiotics or vice versa. The measured serum concentrations for neomycin and bacitracin (Nebacetin) were extremely low.

[Effects of tramadol on haemodynamics and blood gases in the early postoperative period].

A variety of opioids is available for treatment of acute pain. Sometimes administration is limited due to typical side effects such as respiratory depression or pressure increase in the pulmonary circulation. Tramadol, a synthetic opioid, was investigated in a dosage of 1.

[Comparative examinations of different types of soda lime (author's transl)].

Three different types of soda lime (Dräger-Sorb 800, Sodasorb and Tricomed) were analysed both experimentally and in patients for their capability of eliminating CO2 from the anaesthetic circle system. In the experiment Sodasorb was exhausted already after 24 minutes (transmission of 0.6 vol-% CO2) while with Tricomed these data were reached only after 35 minutes and with Dräger-Sorb 800 after 40 minutes.

[Tramadol during the postoperative period].

The effect of tramadol, a new synthetic opioid, on respiration and circulation was examined in 42 patients during the postoperative period after upper abdominal surgery. Pulmonary disorders were present in some patients. Tramadol did not affect the haemodynamic parameters; but the tidal volume increased and the respiratory rate fell.

[A new Draeger Anaesthetic circuit for newborns and small infants (author's transl)].

A new semi-closed anaesthetic system for newborns and small infants was developed by slightly modifying the circle system used for adults. The fact that this new system was employed with satisfactory results in anaesthetizing more than 50 children under 20 kilogram bodyweight weakens the argument that semi-closed circuits should be avoided in small children on account of high expiratory resistance, possibility of increased dead space, inefficient CO2 absorption and unpredictable inspiratory oxygen concentration. The advantages and disadvantages of the new system are reviewed.

[Anaesthesia in hypercalcaemic coma (author's transl)].

Hypercalcaemic coma leads to changes in myocardial efficiency and skeletal muscle tone. It is difficult to recommend a favourable anaesthetic agent for such a rare but acute and serious clinical condition. Our experiences are against administration of enflurane.