The Dueling Duo: IL10 and TNF Face Off in Microglial Recovery from Endotoxin Challenge.

The molecular mechanisms that restore microglial quiescence after acute stimulation remain largely unexplored, unlike those that drive microglial activation. In this issue of Immunity, Shemer et al. discover that the microglial IL-10 receptor counteracts the pro-inflammatory effects of TNF to allow restoration of microglial quiescence after peripheral endotoxin challenge.

Revisiting IDO and its value as a predictive marker for anti-PD-1 resistance.

Botticelli et al. proposed the activity of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) as a potential mechanism and predictive marker for primary resistance against anti-PD-1 treatment in the context of non-small cell lung cancer. However, there are a few points for the authors to address in order to strengthen their claims.

The effects of passive and active learning on student preference and performance in an undergraduate basic science course.

Active learning is based on self-directed and autonomous teaching methods, whereas passive learning is grounded in instructor taught lectures. An animal physiology course was studied over a two-year period (Year 1, n = 42 students; Year 2, n = 30 students) to determine the effects of student-led seminar (andragogical) and lecture (pedagogical) teaching methods on students' retention of information and performance. For each year of the study, the course was divided into two time periods.