Development of an Antioxidant-Rich Sugar-Free Plantain Candy and Assessment of Its Shelf Life in a Flexible Laminate.

Research Background: Candy is a popular confection worldwide, and it would be beneficial to society if it were converted into a source of antioxidant molecules to eliminate its adverse health effects. The amount of antioxidants available even in fruit candies is questionable due to the high thermal processing losses they undergo and the presence of various food additives. Plantains () are less known as good sources of biotherapeutic antioxidants, namely l-tryptophan, serotonin and melatonin, and consumption of this highly nutritious fruit is limited to underdeveloped and developing countries.

A SMART methodology for assessment of hexanal in potato crisps using electronic nose technology: sensor screening by scalar machine learning classifier method.

Unlabelled: There is a pertinent need to develop a rapid and accurate methodology for the detection of the onset and the progression of rancidity in the most popular savory product worldwide, . fried potato crisps for food safety and health concerns. Rancidity in the fried crisps-one set prepared using C18:2-lean deodorized virgin coconut oil under modified deep frying conditions (140 °C, 5 min),-and another set deep fried (170 °C, 3 min) in C18:2-rich oil (simulating commercial frying conditions) was determined by 'rancidity indices' generated (using Mahalanobis distance) from the data obtained by MO-based electronic nose analysis of hexanal (in Likens-Nickerson extract of volatiles from potato crisps), the most prominent rancidity marker, using screened sensors calibrated with standard hexanal, and classified using support vector machine.

Valorization of tuberose flower waste through development of therapeutic products using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and microencapsulation technologies.

Tuberose flowers (Calcutta Single variety) valued as ornamentals globally, have short shelf-lives of 8 days at 4 ± 1 °C and are therefore discarded post senescence. Previous investigations from our laboratory have established that a combination treatment using GRAS preservatives [(sucrose (4%) and CaCl (0.02%)]-cum-gamma-irradiation (0.

A Novel spice-antioxidant-based nano-vehicle as a putative green alternative of synthetic AChE inhibitor drugs.

The present treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves well known synthetic acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitor drugs which besides having short duration of action also have deleterious impact on human health. Therefore, there is a need for natural plant-based biomolecule(s) with potential AChE inhibition activity (ies). The aim of the work is to design a spice-based nano-vehicle as a novel green alternative of synthetic AD drugs by nanoencapsulating a solvent-less supercritical CO extract of small cardamom seeds (SC) having a synergistic consortium of five antioxidant molecules, using polyethylene glycol and emulsifiers, selected based on Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) analyses.

Acrylamide mitigation and 2,4-decadienal elimination in potato-crisps using L-proline accompanied by modified processing conditions.

Unlabelled: Presence of toxic compounds such as acrylamide and 2,4-decadienal in fried products are dependent on frying temperature and time and the frying oil. Combination treatments such as aqueous pre-treatments of potato slices prior to frying; addition of L-proline to pre-treated samples; moisture reduction of samples pre-frying, replacement of refined soybean oil by deodorized-virgin-coconut oil (DVCO) as frying medium; and modification of frying time-temperature regime, were implemented to mitigate acrylamide and 2,4-decadienal in fried potato-crips, concomitantly enhancing their organoleptic quality. Based on similarity values of % acrylamide mitigation, experimental conditions were classified into four main clusters and the optimized conditions of the combination treatments obtained by central composite rotatable design were: blanching at 70 °C for 20 min; addition of 2% L-proline to pre-treated potato slices; and deep-frying in DVCO under modified frying conditions (140 °C, 5 min) successfully alleviated acrylamide (~ 99%) (confirmed by HR-MS and quantified by RP-HPLC) and 2,4-decadienal (quantified by RP-HPLC) in the fried potato-crisps, improving them sensorically.

Fortification of a Desert Using Nanoencapsulated Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extract of Small Cardamom Seeds: A Nutraceutical Custard with Antioxidant Synergy.

Background: 1,8 cineole-rich supercritical CO extract of small cardamom seeds of Alleppey green variety exhibiting prominent antioxidant property was microencapsulated and utilized in formulating an antioxidant-rich custard. However, the antioxidant potency of the prepared custard was not appreciable. To redress the phytochemical loss during custard preparation, custard using nanoliposomes was formulated.

Supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of small cardamom and yellow mustard seeds have fasting hypoglycaemic effects: diabetic rat, predictive iHOMA2 models and molecular docking study.

In the present investigation, the supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extracts of small cardamom (SC) and yellow mustard (YM) seeds have been investigated for their efficacies in combating type 2 diabetes in streptozotocin-induced Wistar albino rats. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in the rats were monitored on days 8, 15 and 21. On day 15, FBG level reduced appreciably by 31·49 % in rats treated with SC seed extract and by 32·28 % in rats treated with YM seed extract, comparable to metformin (30·70 %) and BGR-34 (a commercial polyherbal drug) (31·81 %) administered rats.

Ultrasonication-assisted extraction of a phytomelatonin-rich, erucic acid-lean nutraceutical supplement from mustard seeds: an antioxidant synergy in the extract by reductionism.

Phytomelatonin-rich (194.02 ± 2.45-205.

Is 1,8-Cineole-Rich Extract of Small Cardamom Seeds More Effective in Preventing Alzheimer's Disease than 1,8-Cineole Alone?

The present study demonstrates the efficacies of synthetic 1,8-cineole and an 1,8-cineole-rich supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO) extract of small cardamom seeds in preventing oligomerization of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ42) and inhibiting iron-dependent oxyradical production in vitro. The oligomerization of Aβ42 was monitored by thioflavin T assay and MALDI-TOF analysis of the oligomers. The iron-dependent production of oxygen free radicals was detected by fluorometric benzoate hydroxylation assay.

Consortia of bioactives in supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of mustard and small cardamom seeds lower serum cholesterol levels in rats: new leads for hypocholesterolaemic supplements from spices.

Melatonin-rich and 1,8-cineole-rich extracts have been successfully obtained from yellow mustard (YM) and small cardamom (SC) seeds, respectively, employing green technology of supercritical CO (SC-CO) extraction. Chemical profiling confirmed the presence of melatonin and 1,8-cineole and co-extractants in the respective extracts. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy attested strong antioxidant activities of the extracts foregoing pan-assay interference compounds involved in spectroscopic analysis.

Nanoliposomes of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extract of Small Cardamom Seeds Redresses Type 2 Diabetes and Hypercholesterolemia.

Background & Objectives: In our previous investigation, oral administration of 1,8- cineole-rich supercritical carbon dioxide extract of small cardamom seeds in Wistar albino rats resulted in achieving normal fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum cholesterol levels. The objective of this study was to further protect the aforesaid extract and to enhance its in vivo therapeutic efficacies in redressing type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, by encapsulating it as nanoliposomes. Patents related to nanoliposomes have been revised thoroughly.

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of lutein from yellow maize () kernels: process optimization based on lutein content, antioxidant activity, and ω-6/ω-3 fatty acid ratio.

Yellow maize kernels were subjected to supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO) extraction to obtain a lutein-rich extract with potential nutraceutical properties. SC-CO extraction parameters (pressure and temperature) were optimized by employing a full-factorial (3) design of experiments and response surface methodology, based on yield of lutein, antioxidant activity, and ω-6/ω-3 fatty acid ratio of the extracts. A Chrastil equation was also developed for predicting the solubility of lutein in SC-CO under different extraction conditions.

Development of a new equation in fuzzy logic analysis for ascertaining appropriate dose of gamma irradiation of virgin coconut oil.

Our previous investigation had established 4.2 kGy to be the appropriate dosage of gamma irradiation for removal of obnoxious rancid-acid-odor of virgin coconut oil (VCO) on the basis of sensory and electronic nose (e nose) studies. This study endeavored to revalidate the sensory data employing fuzzy logic analysis.

FT-Raman spectroscopic analysis of enhanced activity of supercritical carbon dioxide treated bacterial alpha-amylase.

Our previous investigation on high pressure supercritical carbon dioxide treatment of a bacterial α-amylase had revealed enhanced activity of the same. H NMR analysis of the activity enhanced enzyme led the authors to hypothesize that the enhancement was possibly owing to alterations in the active site of the enzyme. In the present study, the changes in the active site of the treated enzyme was analysed by Fourier-transform Raman (FT-Raman) spectroscopy.

Effect of Packaging on Shelf-life and Lutein Content of Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) Flowers.

Background: African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) flowers are highly valued for their ornamental appeal as well as medicinal properties. However, their short shelf lives cause high post-harvest loss and limit their export potential.

Antimicrobial Cream Formulated with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extract of Tuberose Flowers Arrests Growth of Staphylococcus aureus.

Background: Antimicrobial potency of herbal extracts is well known. The review of patents and research articles revealed that several herbal extracts have been employed in the formulation of topical products such as creams, exclusive of the cream reported in the present study. 0ur previous study has established antimicrobial potency of supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of tuberose flowers, better known for its sweet fragrance.

Use of eugenol-lean clove extract as a flavoring agent and natural antioxidant in mayonnaise: product characterization and storage study.

Eugenol-lean fraction (98 % lower eugenol content than eugenol-rich fraction) having appreciable phytochemical properties was selectively isolated from clove buds (Syzygium aromaticum Linn) using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction at 40 °C and pressure of 25 MPa with static and dynamic time of 120 and 30 min respectively using ground clove powder which was previously subjected to steam distillation. The extract was used as a flavor ingredient (replacing mustard in classical formulation) and also as a source of natural antioxidant in formulating a new mayonnaise product to improve its nutraceutical value and shelf-life. This product was found to be comparable to the mustard formulated sample (experimental control) organoleptically.

Enzyme-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of black pepper oleoresin for enhanced yield of piperine-rich extract.

Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), the King of Spices is the most popular spice globally and its active ingredient, piperine, is reportedly known for its therapeutic potency. In this work, enzyme-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction of black pepper oleoresin was investigated using α-amylase (from Bacillus licheniformis) for enhanced yield of piperine-rich extract possessing good combination of phytochemical properties.

Facile and rapid thermo-regulated biomineralization of gold by pullulan and study of its thermodynamic parameters.

A novel method for the production of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using pullulan as reducing and stabilizing agent has been developed. Quasi-spherical shaped AuNPs in the range of 50-100 nm were produced at three different temperature regimes 80°C, 90°C and 100°C as characterized using UV-vis spectrophotometer, TEM and DLS. Study of reaction kinetics and thermodynamic parameters indicated that the reaction between pullulan and chloroauric acid for AuNPs formation followed first order reaction kinetics and higher temperature was favorable for the synthesis of smaller sized AuNPs.

Spray Dried Extract of Phormidium valderianum as a Promising Source of Natural Antioxidant.

Microencapsulation of antioxidant-rich fraction obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (at 50°C, 500 bar with extraction time of 90 min, and flow rate of CO2 at 2 L/min) of lyophilized biomass of Phormidium valderianum was carried out in a spray dryer using maltodextrin and gum arabic. Microencapsulation conditions that provided the best combination of phytochemical properties such as antioxidant activity, phenolic content, and reducing power with reasonable powder yield were an inlet temperature of 130°C and wall material composition as maltodextrin: gum arabic = 70 : 30. Toxicological study reported that the Anatoxin-a content of this encapsulated powder was below the limit of detection of HPLC.

Physicochemical and Phytochemical Analyses of Copra and Oil of Cocos nucifera L. (West Coast Tall Variety).

Coconut copra from West coast tall variety, cultivated in Kerala, India, was subjected to aqueous and solvent extractions (using n-hexane). Additionally, oil was extracted from the copra in Soxhlet assembly using petroleum ether (b.p.

Development of suitable solvent system for downstream processing of biopolymer pullulan using response surface methodology.

Downstream processing is an important aspect of all biotechnological processes and has significant implications on quality and yield of the final product. Several solvents were examined for their efficacy on pullulan precipitation from fermentation broth. Interactions among four selected solvents and their effect on pullulan yield were studied using response surface methodology.

A comparative qualitative study of the profile of volatile organic compounds associated with Salmonella contamination of packaged aged and fresh beef by HS-SPME/GC-MS.

Vacuum packaged beef strip-loins (fresh and aged) were repackaged on polystyrene trays and over-wrapped with food grade cling film for the storage study. Several volatile compounds such as 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2,3-butanedione, 2-butanone, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, acetic acid and a few hydrocarbons were detected in the headspace of these tray packaged fresh and aged beef strip loins both in the control and Salmonella typhimurium inoculated samples, in varying concentrations. These compounds were identified using manual headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) in combination with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) over a storage period of 4 days and samples were incubated at 20°C.