Dairy cattle and buffaloes harbouring gastrointestinal parasites in various zones and climatic regions established by scientometrics.

The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) in cattle and buffaloes from different zones and climatic regions in India was determined by scientometrics. The GIP prevalence studies (64) described during 2004-2021 were retrieved from online databases, and offline literature and meta-analyses were conducted by meta package in R-Software. The GIP prevalence in India was 47% (95% level CI 41-54%, PI 12-85%) in cattle, 42% (95% level CI 35-50%, PI 9-84%) in buffaloes and 45% (95% level CI 40-51%, PI 12-84%) in cattle and buffaloes obtained from 40,884, 27,624 and 74,579 samples, respectively.

Scientometric Analysis of Gastrointestinal Parasites Prevalence in Sheep and Goats of India.

Purpose: In the present study, gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) prevalence in sheep and goats from India was estimated by scientometrics.

Methods: The GIP prevalence studies (86) reported during 1998-2021 was obtained from online databases, and offline literatures, meta-analysis was undertaken by using "meta" package in R-Software.

Results: The pooled GIP prevalence in India was 65% (95% level CI 56-74%, PI 12-96%) in sheep, 74% (95% level CI 66-80%, PI 14-98%) in goats and 68% (95% level CI 62-73%, PI 15-96%) in sheep and goats.

Epidemiological analysis of cattle ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Gadag district, Karnataka state in India.

In the present study, epidemiological analysis on 839 ticks collected from 50 cattle in Gadag district, Karnataka state, tick identification and detection of tick-borne pathogens was conducted by PCR, sequencing, and phylogeny. The morphological identification revealed that spp. [48.

An extensive analysis of Codon usage pattern, Evolutionary rate, and Phylogeographic reconstruction in Foot and mouth disease (FMD) serotypes (A, Asia 1, and O) of six major climatic zones of India: A comparative study.

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a major economically important viral disease of cloven-hoofed livestock globally. The FMD virus (FMDV) spreads widely in confined, cool, and humid climatic conditions. Being an RNA virus, FMDV is genetically unstable, and its genome evolution is highly influenced by mutational pressure.

Molecular survey and phylogenetic analysis of tick-borne pathogens in ticks infesting cattle from two South Indian states.

In this study, the molecular survey of cattle ticks and tick-borne pathogens in various agroclimatic zones in Karnataka and Kerala states, India, and phylogenetic analysis of gene sequences were accomplished. Overall, 240 pooled tick DNA samples from two states were used for the identification of three tick genera and nine tick-borne pathogens by using the PCR method and sequencing. The distribution of Haemaphysalis (Ha.

An Understanding of the Global Status of Major Bacterial Pathogens of Milk Concerning Bovine Mastitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Scientometrics).

In this study, the major mastitis pathogen prevalence in the cattle and buffalo of the world was estimated by a meta-analysis. (S) species, (St) species, and (Ec) prevalence studies reported during 1979-2019 were collected using online databases, and offline resources. A meta-analysis of these data was done with the meta package in R-Software.

Global and countrywide prevalence of subclinical and clinical mastitis in dairy cattle and buffaloes by systematic review and meta-analysis.

In the present study, subclinical mastitis (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM) prevalence for various countries in the World were calculated by using online and offline databases. The SCM and CM prevalence studies reported during 1967-2019 were collected, reviewed, and a meta-analysis was done in R-Software. A total of 222 and 150 studies from the World and 103 and 37 studies from India on SCM and CM, respectively were included.

Nano zinc supplementation in goat (Capra hircus) ration improves immunity, serum zinc profile and IGF-1 hormones without affecting thyroid hormones.

The trial was aimed at evaluating probable superiority, if any of nano zinc (NZn) over inorganic zinc (Zn) on immunity, serum minerals and T , T , and IGF-1 hormone profiles in goats. NZn was synthesized by using 0.45 M aqueous solution of Zn nitrate and 0.

Bovine babesiosis: An insight into the global perspective on the disease distribution by systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bovine babesiosis is continuing as a great threat to the livestock sector causing havoc production losses with significant morbidity and mortality. Being a tick-borne disease, the great complexity in the agent-host- vector relationship has severely hampered the sincere efforts towards the development of an effective vaccine against bovine babesiosis. In these circumstances, assessing the global scenario of disease prevalence is a prerequisite to strategize the available control measures.

Charge-Switchable Polymeric Coating Kills Bacteria and Prevents Biofilm Formation in Vivo.

Preventing bacterial biofilm formation on medical devices and implants in vivo still remains a daunting task. Current antibacterial coatings to combat implant-associated infections are generally composed of toxic metals or nondegradable polymers and involve multistep surface modifications. Here, we present a charge-switchable antibacterial and antibiofilm coating based on water-insoluble cationic hydrophobic polymers that are soluble in organic solvents and can be noncovalently coated onto different surfaces.

Prevalence of Anaplasma species in India and the World in dairy animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

In the present study, the prevalence of Anaplasma species in diary animals from India and World was estimated using meta-analysis. Based on systematic review of studies on Anaplasma species from India [35] and World [66] from 1988 to 2017 and 1978-2017, respectively, using online databases and offline literatures, meta-analysis using meta package in R-Software was done. Prevalence of Anaplasma species in India and World were 11% [95% level, Confidence Interval[CI] 7-16%, Prediction Interval[PI] 1-69%] and 39% [95% level, CI 30-49%, PI 2-95%], and these were obtained using 31,117 and 46,365 samples, respectively.

Vancomycin Analogue Restores Meropenem Activity against NDM-1 Gram-Negative Pathogens.

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) is the major contributor to the emergence of carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative pathogens (GNPs) and has caused many clinically available β-lactam antibiotics to become obsolete. A clinically approved inhibitor of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) that could restore the activity of carbapenems against resistant GNPs has not yet been found, making NDM-1 a serious threat to human health. Here, we have rationally developed an inhibitor for the NDM-1 enzyme, which has the ability to penetrate the outer membrane of GNPs and inactivate the enzyme by depleting the metal ion (Zn) from the active site.

Prevalence of Leptospira serogroup-specific antibodies in cattle associated with reproductive problems in endemic states of India.

In this study, the seroprevalence and distribution of Leptospira in dairy cattle in endemic states of India were investigated in association with reproductive problems of the cattle. A total of 373 cattle serum samples from 45 farms in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana, Chhattisgarh, Sikkim and Uttarakhand states were collected from animals with a history of reproductive disorders like abortion, repeat breeding, anoestrus and endometritis, and also from apparently healthy animals. These samples were screened for Leptospira serogroup-specific antibodies by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using a panel of 18 live reference serovar antigens.

Dual Function Injectable Hydrogel for Controlled Release of Antibiotic and Local Antibacterial Therapy.

We present vancomycin-loaded dual-function injectable hydrogel that delivers antibiotic locally suitable for treatment of infections in avascular or necrotic tissues. The syringe-deliverable gels were developed using polydextran aldehyde and an inherently antibacterial polymer N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride along with vancomycin. The antibiotic was primarily encapsulated via reversible imine bonds formed between vancomycin and polydextran aldehyde in the hydrogel which allowed sustained release of vancomycin over an extended period of time in a pH-dependent manner.

Biocompatible Injectable Hydrogel with Potent Wound Healing and Antibacterial Properties.

Two component injectable hydrogels that cross-link in situ have been used as noninvasive wound-filling devices, i.e., sealants.

Glycopeptide Antibiotic To Overcome the Intrinsic Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria.

The emergence of drug resistance along with a declining pipeline of clinically useful antibiotics has made it vital to develop more effective antimicrobial therapeutics, particularly against difficult-to-treat Gram-negative pathogens (GNPs). Many antibacterial agents, including glycopeptide antibiotics such as vancomycin, are inherently inactive toward GNPs because of their inability to cross the outer membrane of these pathogens. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, lipophilic cationic (permanent positive charge) vancomycin analogues were able to permeabilize the outer membrane of GNPs and overcome the inherent resistance of GNPs toward glycopeptides.

Aryl-alkyl-lysines: Membrane-Active Small Molecules Active against Murine Model of Burn Infection.

Infections caused by drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens continue to be significant contributors to human morbidity. The recent advent of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (blaNDM-1) producing pathogens, against which few drugs remain active, has aggravated the problem even further. This paper shows that aryl-alkyl-lysines, membrane-active small molecules, are effective in treating infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens.

Chitosan Derivatives Active against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Pathogenic Fungi: In Vivo Evaluation as Topical Antimicrobials.

The continuous rise of antimicrobial resistance and the dearth of new antibiotics in the clinical pipeline raise an urgent call for the development of potent antimicrobial agents. Cationic chitosan derivatives, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chlorides (HTCC), have been widely studied as potent antibacterial agents. However, their systemic structure-activity relationship, activity toward drug-resistant bacteria and fungi, and mode of action are very rare.

Side Chain Degradable Cationic-Amphiphilic Polymers with Tunable Hydrophobicity Show in Vivo Activity.

Cationic-amphiphilic antibacterial polymers with optimal amphiphilicity generally target the bacterial membranes instead of mammalian membranes. To date, this balance has been achieved by varying the cationic charge or side chain hydrophobicity in a variety of cationic-amphiphilic polymers. Optimal hydrophobicity of cationic-amphiphilic polymers has been considered as the governing factor for potent antibacterial activity yet minimal mammalian cell toxicity.

Aryl-Alkyl-Lysines: Agents That Kill Planktonic Cells, Persister Cells, Biofilms of MRSA and Protect Mice from Skin-Infection.

Development of synthetic strategies to combat Staphylococcal infections, especially those caused by methicillin resistant Staphyloccus aureus (MRSA), needs immediate attention. In this manuscript we report the ability of aryl-alkyl-lysines, simple membrane active small molecules, to treat infections caused by planktonic cells, persister cells and biofilms of MRSA. A representative compound, NCK-10, did not induce development of resistance in planktonic cells in multiple passages and retained activity in varying environments of pH and salinity.

Membrane Disruption and Enhanced Inhibition of Cell-Wall Biosynthesis: A Synergistic Approach to Tackle Vancomycin-Resistant Bacteria.

Resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics, the drugs of choice for life-threatening bacterial infections, is on the rise. In order to counter the threat of glycopeptide-resistant bacteria, we report development of a new class of semi-synthetic glycopeptide antibiotics, which not only target the bacterial membrane but also display enhanced inhibition of cell-wall biosynthesis through increased binding affinity to their target peptides. The combined effect of these two mechanisms resulted in improved in vitro activity of two to three orders of magnitude over vancomycin and no propensity to trigger drug resistance in bacteria.

Amide side chain amphiphilic polymers disrupt surface established bacterial bio-films and protect mice from chronic Acinetobacter baumannii infection.

Bacterial biofilms represent the root-cause of chronic or persistent infections in humans. Gram-negative bacterial infections due to nosocomial and opportunistic pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii are more difficult to treat because of their inherent and rapidly acquiring resistance to antibiotics. Due to biofilm formation, A.

In vivo efficacy and pharmacological properties of a novel glycopeptide (YV4465) against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.

Infections caused by vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) are associated with high rates of vancomycin treatment failure. The lipophilic vancomycin-carbohydrate conjugate YV4465 is a new glycopeptide antibiotic that is active against a variety of clinically relevant multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens in vitro. YV4465 was 50- and 1000-fold more effective than vancomycin against VISA and vancomycin-resistant enterococci, respectively.

In vivo antibacterial activity and pharmacological properties of the membrane-active glycopeptide antibiotic YV11455.

The membrane-active glycopeptide antibiotic YV11455 is a lipophilic cationic vancomycin analogue that demonstrates rapid and concentration-dependent killing of clinically relevant multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-positive bacteria in vitro. YV11455 was 2-fold and 54-270-fold more effective than vancomycin against clinical isolates of vancomycin-sensitive and vancomycin-resistant bacteria, respectively. In this study, the in vivo efficacy, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and acute toxicology of YV11455 were investigated.