Coping Styles as Mediators Between Purpose in Life and Cognitive Function: A Longitudinal Study.

This study tests associations between purpose in life and coping, and whether coping mediates the association between purpose and cognitive function. Longitudinal data from the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) study were used to investigate associations between purpose at MIDUS I and coping at MIDUS II ( = 2386). Emotion-focused and problem-focused coping were tested as mediators between purpose and cognitive function (memory, executive function, global cognition) at MIDUS III.

Loneliness trajectories and psychological distress in youth: Longitudinal evidence from a population-based sample.

This pre-registered secondary analysis aimed to examine distinct longitudinal loneliness trajectories in youth and whether these trajectories were associated with psychological distress at final follow-up in the UK Household Longitudinal Study. Participants (N = 827, 55.1% female, Time 1: M ± SD = 16.

Lifetime trauma and mortality risk: A systematic review.

Objective: Various literature are suggestive of a relation between lifetime trauma and mortality risk in adulthood, however, findings seem unclear and inconsistent. In our preregistered review, we conducted a systematic review to examine the association between lifetime trauma and mortality risk in adulthood.

Method: Six databases (Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL [EBSCO], PsycInfo [EBSCO], Embase, and Medline [PubMed]); were searched up to April 2023 for studies reporting adult mortality outcomes associated with traumatic events accumulated across the lifespan.

Personality traits and mediating pathways to mortality risk: A systematic review.

Objective: Personality traits have been regularly linked with all-cause mortality risk. However, what mechanisms may provide an indirect pathway from personality traits to mortality is unclear. We sought to systematically review the literature and provide an overview of the potential mechanisms that have been identified in the literature.

Self-Acceptance and Purpose in Life Are Mechanisms Linking Adverse Childhood Experiences to Mortality Risk.

Objective: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with an increased risk of premature mortality, but it is not clear why. Individuals with ACEs tend to have lower self-acceptance and purpose in life, which may be pathways between ACEs and risk of premature mortality. As such, we tested whether purpose and self-acceptance are mechanisms that link ACEs to mortality risk.

Neuroticism facets and mortality risk in adulthood: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Objective: This systematic review sought to summarize comprehensively the research investigating the association between facets of neuroticism and mortality risk.

Methods: A systematic review of prospective cohort studies utilizing rigorous reporting methods was conducted. Six electronic bibliographic databases, MEDLINE [Ovid], Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and SCOPUS, were searched for eligible studies using keywords encompassing personality traits and mortality.

Adverse childhood experiences and all-cause mortality risk in adulthood.

Background: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been associated with mortality risk in adulthood. It is unclear, however, whether ACEs perpetrated beyond parents may be associated with mortality risk, if the risk is accumulative or plateaus at a certain frequency, whether associations differ dependent on ACE types, whether types interact with one another, or if observed effects differ by sex.

Objective: To examine associations between ACEs and mortality risk.

Personality trait associations with quality-of-life outcomes following bariatric surgery: a systematic review.

Background: Obesity can be a significant challenge to health and quality of life (QoL). Bariatric surgery assists with weight loss and may help improve QoL. However, not all patients benefit from surgery.

Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Living Alone Associations With Mortality Risk in Individuals Living With Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.

Objective: This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of associations between loneliness, social isolation, and living alone and risk of mortality among individuals with established cardiovascular disease.

Methods: Five electronic databases were searched (MEDLINE [Ovid], PsycINFO, EMBASE, PubMed, and SCOPUS) from inception to November 25, 2021. In all, 35 studies were included in a narrative synthesis and, where appropriate, a meta-analytic evaluation using a random-effects model.

Childhood abuse and neglect, and mortality risk in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Research findings on the relationship between childhood abuse and neglect (CAN) and mortality risk in adulthood are inconsistent.

Objective: To examine the association between CAN and mortality risk in adulthood.

Participants And Setting: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Anxiety following myocardial infarction: A systematic review of psychological interventions.

Objective: Anxiety is highly prevalent following myocardial infarction (MI) and is linked with adverse effects on a person's recovery, quality of life, physical health, and life expectancy. The primary objective of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of psychological interventions for anxiety following MI.

Method: CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies that provided information on anxiety pre and post psychological intervention following MI.

Actor and Partner Effect of Loneliness on Episodic Memory and Verbal Fluency: A Dyadic Multilevel Analysis of Romantic Couples Across 28 Countries.

Objectives: There is evidence that loneliness is detrimental to cognitive health. Most studies, however, do not consider the association between loneliness and cognition in the context of close relationships, such as a spouse or romantic partner. This study examines loneliness, experienced by both the individual and their romantic partner, and cognitive performance.

The bite is worse than the bark: Associations of personality and depressive symptoms with memory discrepancy.

The discrepancy between subjective memory rating and objective memory performance is the tendency to misestimate one's memory. For example, better self-rated memory compared to performance on memory tasks reflects an overestimation of one's memory. This discrepancy may shape how individuals cognitively age: Overestimating one's memory could mask incident cognitive decline and underestimation could act as a negative self-fulfilling prophecy.

Pathways From Early-Life SES to Dementia Risk in Old Age: The Role of Personality.

Objectives: This study investigates the association between childhood socioeconomic status (cSES) and risk of cognitive impairment in older adulthood, and whether the Five-Factor Model personality traits mediated this association.

Methods: A sample of 9,995 participants (mean age = 67.01 years) from the Health and Retirement Study were followed up every 2 years from 2006 to 2018.

Familial sleep and autism spectrum disorder: a pilot actigraphy study of sleep quality, quality of life and psychological distress.

Objectives: Sleep problems are common among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can have a negative impact on the child's behaviour and daytime functioning. The current pilot study examined objective measurements of child and parent sleep as factors associated with the stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, social support and quality of life of parents of children with ASD.

Methods: Participants were nine children with ASD and their parents (nine mothers and three fathers).

An integrative network analysis framework for identifying molecular functions in complex disorders examining major depressive disorder as a test case.

In addition to the psychological depressive phenotype, major depressive disorder (MDD) patients are also associated with underlying immune dysregulation that correlates with metabolic syndrome prevalent in depressive patients. A robust integrative analysis of biological pathways underlying the dysregulated neural connectivity and systemic inflammatory response will provide implications in the development of effective strategies for the diagnosis, management and the alleviation of associated comorbidities. In the current study, focusing on MDD, we explored an integrative network analysis methodology to analyze transcriptomic data combined with the meta-analysis of biomarker data available throughout public databases and published scientific peer-reviewed articles.

Is neuroticism differentially associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and frontotemporal dementia?

This study examines whether neuroticism is differentially associated with risk of incident Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) using a prospective study design. Participants from the UK Biobank (N = 401,422) completed a self-report neuroticism scale in 2006-2010 and incident all-cause dementia, AD, VD, and FTD were ascertained using electronic health records or death records up to 2018. During an average follow-up of 8.

The cardiovascular response to acute psychological stress is related to subjectively giving and receiving social support.

The pathways linking giving and receiving emotional and instrumental social support, and cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) are not yet fully understood. Eight-two healthy young adults completed psychometric measures of giving and receiving emotional and instrumental social support and participated in a standardised laboratory stress task. Cardiovascular and hemodynamic parameters were monitored throughout.

Self-reported and mother-rated personality traits at age 16 are associated with cognitive function measured concurrently and 30 years later.

Background: Models of personality and health suggest that personality contributes to health outcomes across adulthood. Personality traits, such as neuroticism and conscientiousness, have long-term predictive power for cognitive impairment in older adulthood, a critical health outcome. Less is known about whether personality measured earlier in life is also associated with cognition across adulthood prior to dementia.

Personality pathways to mortality: Interleukin-6 links conscientiousness to mortality risk.

Personality is associated consistently with mortality hazards, but the physiological pathways are not yet clear. Immune system dysregulation may be one such pathway due to its role in age-related morbidity and mortality. In this preregistered study, we tested whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) mediated the associations between personality traits and mortality hazards.

Body mass index, waist circumference, and mortality risks over 27 years of follow-up in old age.

Purpose: This study investigates the predictive effects of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) for all-cause mortality in old age over 27 years of follow-up.

Methods: Participants were from the Berlin Aging Study (n = 444, M ± SD = 84.55 ± 8.

Relationship between parent-reported gastrointestinal symptoms, sleep problems, autism spectrum disorder symptoms, and behavior problems in children and adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Background: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q) is a chromosome disorder, where a segment of chromosome 22, located at q11.2, is missing.

Vulnerability to stress: Personality facet of vulnerability is associated with cardiovascular adaptation to recurring stress.

It is increasingly suggested that personality traits are critical to understanding patterns of cardiovascular stress adaptation. However, studies have focused on higher-order traits with no research having examined underlying facet effects to repeated stress. The examination of facets provides a more granular examination, which has the potential to identify specific personality components that are relevant within the context of psychophysiological stress adaptation.