Intestinal fatty acid binding protein is a disease biomarker in paediatric coeliac disease and Crohn's disease.

Background: There is a clinical need to develop biomarkers of small bowel damage in coeliac disease and Crohn's disease. This study evaluated intestinal fatty acid binding protein (iFABP), a potential biomarker of small bowel damage, in children with coeliac disease and Crohn's disease.

Methods: The concentration iFABP was measured in plasma and urine of children with ulcerative colitis, coeliac disease, and Crohn's disease at diagnosis and from the latter two groups after treatment with gluten free diet (GFD) or exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN), respectively.

Micronutrient deficiencies in children with coeliac disease; a double-edged sword of both untreated disease and treatment with gluten-free diet.

Introduction: In coeliac disease (CD) micronutrient deficiencies may occur due to malabsorption in active disease and diminished intake during treatment with a gluten-free diet (GFD). This study assessed the micronutrient status in children with CD at diagnosis and follow-up.

Methods: Fifteen micronutrients were analysed in 106 blood samples from newly diagnosed CD and from patients on a GFD for <6 months, 6-12 months and with longstanding disease (>12 months).

Corneal confocal microscopy demonstrates minimal evidence of distal neuropathy in children with celiac disease.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to utilise corneal confocal microscopy to quantify corneal nerve morphology and establish the presence of sub-clinical small fibre damage and peripheral neuropathy in children with celiac disease.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional cohort study of twenty children with celiac disease and 20 healthy controls who underwent clinical and laboratory assessments and corneal confocal microscopy. Corneal nerve fiber density (no.

Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota of Children With Celiac Disease at the Time of Diagnosis and on a Gluten-free Diet.

Background And Aims: It is not clear whether alterations in the intestinal microbiota of children with celiac disease (CD) cause the disease or are a result of disease and/or its treatment with a gluten-free diet (GFD).

Methods: We obtained 167 fecal samples from 141 children (20 with new-onset CD, 45 treated with a GFD, 57 healthy children, and 19 unaffected siblings of children with CD) in Glasgow, Scotland. Samples were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, and diet-related metabolites were measured by gas chromatography.

Effects of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone in Children with Crohn's Disease on the Muscle-Bone Unit: A Preliminary Study.

Background/aims: There is limited information on the impact of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on the muscle-bone unit in children with Crohn's disease (CD). In this pilot study, we report on the effects of rhGH on bone formation, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) total body (TB) bone mineral density adjusted for height and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral apparent density (BMAD), and body composition.

Methods: Prospective study of 8 children with CD (6 male), aged 14.

Persistence of Muscle-bone Deficits Following Anti-tumour Necrosis Factor Therapy in Adolescents With Crohn Disease.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess change in the muscle-bone unit in adolescents with Crohn disease (CD) on anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNFα).

Methods: Prospective study following anti-TNFα in 19 adolescents with CD with a median age (range) of 15.1 years (11.

Comparison of Clinical Methods With the Faecal Gluten Immunogenic Peptide to Assess Gluten Intake in Coeliac Disease.

Objectives: Detection of faecal gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) is a biomarker of recent gluten consumption. GIP levels can be used to monitor gluten intake and compliment clinical methods to evaluate compliance to gluten-free diet (GFD). In the present study, recent gluten intake was measured by GIP in children with coeliac disease (CD) and compared to routine clinical measures to evaluate GFD compliance.

Corticosteroids for Preventing Caustic Esophageal Strictures: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objectives: Caustic ingestion can have a complicated clinical course. Corticosteroids are widely used but there is uncertainty about its role in preventing esophageal stricture formation following caustic ingestion. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the available clinical evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of corticosteroids for preventing esophageal strictures following caustic injury.

The distinct features of microbial 'dysbiosis' of Crohn's disease do not occur to the same extent in their unaffected, genetically-linked kindred.

Background/aims: Studying the gut microbiota in unaffected relatives of people with Crohn's disease (CD) may advance our understanding of the role of bacteria in disease aetiology.

Methods: Faecal microbiota composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing), genetic functional capacity (shotgun metagenomics) and faecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were compared in unaffected adult relatives of CD children (CDR, n = 17) and adult healthy controls, unrelated to CD patients (HUC, n = 14). The microbiota characteristics of 19 CD children were used as a benchmark of CD 'dysbiosis'.

Faecal Calprotectin in Treated and Untreated Children With Coeliac Disease and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

The present study aimed to provide evidence on whether children at risk of gastrointestinal inflammation have increased measurements of faecal calprotectin (FC). FC was measured in 232 children; 55 children (n = 11 treatment naïve) with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), 63 with coeliac disease (CD); 17 with new diagnosis before and after treatment on gluten-free diet and 114 controls. None of the treatment-naive children with JIA had raised FC.

Disease Status and Pubertal Stage Predict Improved Growth in Antitumor Necrosis Factor Therapy for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Growth failure is well-recognized in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD; <18 years). We aimed to examine whether antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy improves growth in a PIBD population-based cohort.

Methods: A retrospective review of all Scottish children receiving anti-TNF (infliximab [IFX] and adalimumab [ADA]) from 2000 to 2012 was performed; height was collected at 12 months before anti-TNF (T-12), start (T0), and 12 (T+12) months after anti-TNF.

Extensive Modulation of the Fecal Metagenome in Children With Crohn's Disease During Exclusive Enteral Nutrition.

Objectives: Exploring associations between the gut microbiota and colonic inflammation and assessing sequential changes during exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) may offer clues into the microbial origins of Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: Fecal samples (n=117) were collected from 23 CD and 21 healthy children. From CD children fecal samples were collected before, during EEN, and when patients returned to their habitual diets.

A prospective longitudinal study of growth and pubertal progress in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Puberty and growth may be affected in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but the extent is unclear.

Methods: We performed a prospective study over 12 months in 63 adolescents (Crohn's disease, CD, n = 45; ulcerative colitis/IBD unclassified, UC, n = 18) with a median age of 13.4 years (range 10-16.

Nutritional status, growth and disease management in children with single and dual diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus and coeliac disease.

Background: The consequences of subclinical coeliac disease (CD) in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) remain unclear. We looked at growth, anthropometry and disease management in children with dual diagnosis (T1DM + CD) before and after CD diagnosis.

Methods: Anthropometry, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and IgA tissue transglutaminase (tTg) were collected prior to, and following CD diagnosis in 23 children with T1DM + CD.

Decline in presumptively protective gut bacterial species and metabolites are paradoxically associated with disease improvement in pediatric Crohn's disease during enteral nutrition.

Background: The gut microbiota is implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is a successful treatment, but its mode of action remains unknown. This study assessed serial changes in the fecal microbiota milieu during EEN.

A retrospective study showing maintenance treatment options for paediatric CD in the first year following diagnosis after induction of remission with EEN: supplemental enteral nutrition is better than nothing!

Background: A limited body of research suggests that ongoing maintenance enteral nutrition (MEN) can be beneficial in maintaining disease remission in Crohn's Disease (CD). We aimed to assess how achievable MEN is and whether it helps to prolong remission.

Methods: Patients newly diagnosed with CD in 2010 and 2011 who commenced exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) for 8 weeks were followed up for a year post diagnosis.

The epidemiology of anemia in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence and associated factors at diagnosis and follow-up and the impact of exclusive enteral nutrition.

Background: Anemia is poorly studied in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. This study explored the epidemiology and associated factors of anemia at diagnosis, after 1 year, and during treatment with exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN).

Methods: Three cohorts were included: (1) a representative population of newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease children (n = 184); (2) patients currently receiving care with data available at diagnosis (n = 179) and after 1 year (n = 139); and (3) 84 children treated with EEN.

The microaerophilic microbiota of de-novo paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: the BISCUIT study.

Introduction: Children presenting for the first time with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) offer a unique opportunity to study aetiological agents before the confounders of treatment. Microaerophilic bacteria can exploit the ecological niche of the intestinal epithelium; Helicobacter and Campylobacter are previously implicated in IBD pathogenesis. We set out to study these and other microaerophilic bacteria in de-novo paediatric IBD.

Scottish outcomes for extra hepatic biliary atresia post-rationalisation of services.

Aims: To evaluate the outcome of Scottish children with extra hepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) since rationalisation of Kasai services to three English centres in 2002 (The 'Group A' centres).

Methods: All Scottish children with EHBA diagnosed between 2002 and 2009 were identified via the Scottish Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SSPGHAN) clinicians. A case-note review was conducted with demographics, presentation and outcome data recorded.

Childhood coeliac disease diagnoses in Scotland 2009-2010: the SPSU project.

Objectives: To establish the incidence of childhood coeliac disease (CD) in Scotland between 1 September 2009 and 31 August 2010, to determine clinical features at presentation and reasons for diagnosis, and to identify any differences in incidence and practice between regions.

Design: Prospective data collection through the Scottish Paediatric Surveillance Unit (SPSU). Strategic contacts in each tertiary gastrointestinal region (East, West and North) were emailed monthly to report new cases of CD (<16 years).