Coronary Disease Risk Prediction, Risk Reduction, and Postoperative Myocardial Injury.

For patients considering surgery, the preoperative evaluation allows physicians to identify and treat acute cardiac conditions before less-urgent surgery, predict the benefits and harms of a proposed surgery, and make temporary management changes to reduce operative risk. Multiple risk prediction tools are reasonable for use in estimating perioperative cardiac risk, but management changes to reduce risk have proven elusive. For all but the most urgent surgical procedures, patients with active coronary syndromes or decompensated heart failure should have surgery postponed.

Preoperative Testing.

Preoperative medical evaluation can minimize inefficiencies and improve outcomes. Thoughtful use of preoperative testing can aid in that effort, but, conversely, indiscriminate testing can detract from it. The United Kingdom National Institute for Health Care and Excellence, European Society of Anaesthesiology, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) have all stated that routine preoperative testing is not supported by evidence.

Increased Risk for Clinically Significant Sleep Disturbances in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Approach to Leveraging the Federal Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury Research Database.

Study Objectives: The Federal Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury Research (FITBIR) Informatics System contains individual-patient-level traumatic brain injury (TBI) data, which when combined, allows for the examination of rates and outcomes for key subpopulations at risk for developing sleep disturbance.

Methods: This proof-of-concept study creates a model system for harmonizing data (i.e.

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Infection in the Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Population.

Background: Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients are at increased risk of developing primary and recurrent infection (CDI). The objective of our study was to characterize the risk factors for primary and recurrent CDI in a large cohort of patients hospitalized for HCT.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults who underwent HCT from 2010-2023 to analyze the epidemiology, timing, and risk factors for CDI.

Development and internal validation of the Cleveland Clinic Bleeding Model to predict major bleeding risk at admission in medical inpatients.

Background: Guidelines recommend pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis for acutely ill medical patients at acceptable bleeding risk, but only the International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism (IMPROVE) model has been validated for bleeding risk assessment.

Objectives: We developed and internally validated a risk assessment model (RAM) to predict major in-hospital bleeding using risk factors at admission and compared our model with IMPROVE.

Methods: We selected patients admitted to medical services at 10 hospitals in the Cleveland Clinic Health System from 2017 to 2020.

Visual feedback improves propulsive force generation during treadmill walking in people with Parkinson disease.

Persons with Parkinson's disease experience gait alterations, such as reduced step length. Gait dysfunction is a significant research priority as the current treatments targeting gait impairment are limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of visual biofeedback on propulsive force during treadmill walking in persons with Parkinson's.

Clinicians' interpretation of thresholds in hospital antibiograms for gram-negative rod infections: A survey and contingent valuation study of hospitalists.

Clinical guidelines suggest that hospital antibiograms are a key component when deciding empiric therapy, but little is known about how often clinicians use antibiograms and how they influence clinicians' empiric therapy decisions. We surveyed hospitalists at seven healthcare systems in the United States on their reported practices related to antibiograms and their hypothetical prescribing for four clinical scenarios associated with gram-negative rod pathogens. Each was given a randomly assigned antibiogram susceptibility percentage, and we used contingent valuation analysis to assess whether the antibiogram susceptibility percentage was associated with prescribing practices.

Sall4 regulates posterior trunk mesoderm development by promoting mesodermal gene expression and repressing neural genes in the mesoderm.

The trunk axial skeleton develops from paraxial mesoderm cells. Our recent study demonstrated that conditional knockout of the stem cell factor Sall4 in mice by TCre caused tail truncation and a disorganized axial skeleton posterior to the lumbar level. Based on this phenotype, we hypothesized that, in addition to the previously reported role of Sall4 in neuromesodermal progenitors, Sall4 is involved in the development of the paraxial mesoderm tissue.

Pollen provisioning attenuates pesticide side-effects on a phytoseiid predator.

Background: Biological control with predatory mites is applied against pests in greenhouse crops. Chemical control with the use of selective, reduced-risk pesticides, is an important component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs, that often needs to be combined with biological control. Here, we evaluated the effect of plant pollen when used as supplementary food on the survival, reproduction and predation of the predatory mite Amblydromalus limonicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) after exposing young larvae and adults to flonicamid, an insecticide of moderate toxicity to phytoseiids.

JGI Plant Gene Atlas: an updateable transcriptome resource to improve functional gene descriptions across the plant kingdom.

Gene functional descriptions offer a crucial line of evidence for candidate genes underlying trait variation. Conversely, plant responses to environmental cues represent important resources to decipher gene function and subsequently provide molecular targets for plant improvement through gene editing. However, biological roles of large proportions of genes across the plant phylogeny are poorly annotated.

Complete Genome Sequence of RON18713 from Brazil Nut Tree Phyllosphere Reveals Genes Involved in Plant Growth Promotion.

The Amazonian rainforest is a hyper-diverse ecosystem in the number of species and the myriad of intertaxon relationships that are mostly understudied. In order to characterize a dominant and economically important Amazonian species, the Brazil nut tree ( Bonpl.), at the genome level, wegenerated high-coverage long-read sequencing data from the leaves of a single individual.

Diagnostic and prognostic value of cardiac stress testing before major noncardiac surgery-A cohort study.

Objective: To assess the incremental contribution of preoperative stress test results toward a diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), prediction of mortality, or prediction of perioperative myocardial infarction in patients considering noncardiac, nonophthalmologic surgery.

Design, Setting, Participants: A retrospective cohort study of visits to a preoperative risk assessment and optimization clinic in a large health system between 2008 and 2018.

Measurements: To assess diagnostic information of preoperative stress testing, we used the Begg and Greenes method to calculate test characteristics adjusted for referral bias, with a gold standard of angiography.

Consequences of preoperative cardiac stress testing-A cohort study.

Objective: To understand the consequences of functional cardiac stress testing among patients considering noncardiac nonophthalmologic surgery.

Design: A retrospective cohort study of 118,552 patients who made 159,795 visits to a dedicated preoperative risk assessment and optimization clinic between 2008 and 2018.

Setting: A large integrated health system.

Sall4 restricts glycolytic metabolism in limb buds through transcriptional regulation of glycolytic enzyme genes.

Recent studies illustrate the importance of regulation of cellular metabolism, especially glycolysis and pathways branching from glycolysis, during vertebrate embryo development. For example, glycolysis generates cellular energy ATP. Glucose carbons are also directed to the pentose phosphate pathway, which is needed to sustain anabolic processes in the rapidly growing embryos.

State of research in adult Hospital Medicine: Updated results of a national survey and longitudinal analysis of national data.

We sought to understand the current state of research in adult Hospital Medicine by repeating a 2018 survey of leaders in Hospital Medicine with changes to improve the response rate of surveyed programs. We also analyzed the public sources of federal research funding and MEDLINE-indexed publications from 2010 through 2019 among members of the Society of Hospital Medicine (SHM). Of the 102 contacted leaders of Hospital Medicine groups across the country, 49 responded, for a total response rate of 48%.

Relationship Between Oral Temperature and Bacteremia in Hospitalized Patients.

Background: Early recognition and treatment of bacteremia can be lifesaving. Fever is a well-known marker of bacteremia, but the predictive value of temperature has not been fully explored.

Objective: To describe temperature as a predictor of bacteremia and other infections.

Plant-Mediated Effects of Beneficial Microbes and a Plant Strengthener against Spider Mites in Tomato.

The two-spotted spider mite is a polyphagous herbivore with a worldwide distribution, and is a serious pest in tomato and other crops. As an alternative to chemical pesticides, biological control with the release of natural enemies such as predatory mites represent an efficient method to control in many crops, but not in tomato. Other biological control agents, such as beneficial microbes, as well as chemical compounds, which can act as plant defense elicitors that confer plant resistance against pests and pathogens, may prove promising biological solutions for the suppression of spider mite populations in tomato.

Acclimatization of force production during walking in persons with Parkinson's disease.

Individuals with Parkinson's disease walk slowly, with short strides resulting in decreased mobility. Treadmill walking assessments are utilized to understand gait impairment in persons with Parkinson's disease and treadmill-based interventions to mobility have become increasingly popular. While walking on a treadmill, there is a reported initial acclimatization period where individuals adjust to the speed and dynamics of the moving belt before producing consistent walking patterns.

Telehealth for Women's Preventive Services for Reproductive Health and Intimate Partner Violence: a Comparative Effectiveness Review.

Background: Telehealth delivery of preventive health services may improve access to care; however, its effectiveness and adverse effects are unknown. We conducted a comparative effectiveness review on the effectiveness and harms of telehealth interventions for women's reproductive health and intimate partner violence (IPV) services.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Scopus for English-language studies (July 2016 to May 2022) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of telehealth strategies for women's reproductive health and IPV versus usual care.