Abdominal lymphatic malformations in children: case series.

Lymphatic Malformations (LMs) are benign congenital malformations of the lymphatic system that commonly involve the abdomen in children (mesentery of the small intestine and omentum). The management of these malformations is not unique. 7 children with different ages (range: newborn to 14 years), diagnosis was incidental in some cases, while in others for abdominal pain.

Satisfaction and results of the subareolar incision as treatment for gynecomastia in adolescents: experience of two centers.

Gynecomastia is a benign glandular proliferation that can affect adolescents causing significant psychological discomfort. Generally, it is idiopathic but underlying endocrinological conditions must be excluded. Different surgical techniques are available, the surgical correction with subareolar incision achieves the goal of satisfactory aesthetic result for patients.

Are the complications after laparo-assisted endo-rectal pull-through for Hirschsprung disease related to the change of the anal tone?

The main advantage of the laparo-assisted transanal endorectal pull-through technique (LA - TERPT) for Hirschsprung Disease (HD) is the respect to the rectal-anal anatomy. Postoperative complications have been observed recently. The present study aims to determine how often these postoperative complications occur in these patients.

Unusual position of pilonidal sinus in children may explain its malformative etiology: Case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Pilonidal sinus is a condition that causes inflammation and abscesses in the sacral region and affects adolescents and young adults. The etiology of this condition remains controversial.

Case Presentation: A six year old boy was observed to have an orifice in the frontonasal region which contained hair.

Kidney damage predictors in children with metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy obesity phenotype.

Background: Obesity and kidney damage have been closely linked in adults, but little is still known in childhood.

Objective: To identify predictors of kidney damage in children with metabolically healthy (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy (MUO) obesity phenotypes.

Methods: We retrospectively examined 396 children with obesity (mean age 10.

Analysis of microsatellite instability (MSI) in pediatric gonadal and extra-gonadal germ cell tumors.

Gonadal and extragonadal pediatric germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare neoplasms with different clinical behavior. Although surgery and cisplatin-based chemotherapy are resolutive in most cases, some patients do not respond to chemotherapy and have a worse outcome. Microsatellite instability (MSI) was correlated to resistance to chemotherapy and sensitivity to immunotherapy in different neoplasms.

rs2254524 Increases the Risk of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents with Obesity.

Childhood obesity and its related comorbidities have become major health issues over the last century. Among these comorbidities, cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension, are the most significant. Recently, a polymorphism affecting the activity of lanosterol synthase has been associated with an increased risk of hypertension in adolescents.

The lncOb rs10487505 polymorphism impairs insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in children and adolescents with obesity.

Objective: Leptin plays a key role in the regulation of body weight and other endocrine systems. Recently, impairment of leptin gene transcription due to genetic variations in a long noncoding RNA (lncOb) has been described. This retrospective study aims to characterize the clinical and metabolic phenotype of children and adolescents with obesity who were homozygous for the lncOb rs10487505 leptin lowering allele.

Pediatric endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment (PEPSiT): report of a multicentric national study on 294 patients.

This study aimed to report a multicentric national experience about the outcomes of pediatric endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment (PEPSiT). The medical records of all pediatric patients, aged up to 18 years, who underwent PEPSiT in the period 2019-2021, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients' demographics, operative details, and post-operative outcomes were assessed.

Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and subclinical hypothyroidism in children with obesity.

Purpose: We aimed (i) evaluating the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and thyroid function tests, (ii) testing if the relationship between NAFLD and thyroid dysfunction could be driven by the obesity and the IR degree, and (iii) exploring the influence of the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein-3 (PNPLA3) I148M and the transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) E167K polymorphisms on the association between NAFLD and thyroid function in children.

Methods: We examined 2275 children and adolescents with obesity. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) was defined by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) > 4.

Combination therapy (desmopressin plus oxybutynin) improves the response rate compared with desmopressin alone in patients with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and nocturnal polyuria and absence of constipation predict the response to this treatment.

Unlabelled: Combination therapy (CT) (desmopressin plus oxybutynin) has been considered for the treatment of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE). We designed our study with the aim to evaluate the response rate to CT compared with desmopressin alone (primary outcome) and to identify factors associated with the response to CT (secondary outcome). We prospectively enrolled children with MNE with absent/partial response after 3 months of evening treatment with 240 mcg of desmopressin.

Diagnostic Performance of the Acute Kidney Injury Baseline Creatinine Equations in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Onset.

Three new equations for calculating the estimated basal serum creatinine (ebSCr) in hospitalized children have been developed: the simplified acute kidney injury (AKI) baseline creatinine (ABC) equation which considered only age in the formula; the equation including age and minimum creatinine (Crmin) within the initial 72 h from hospitalization (ABC-cr); and the equation including Crmin and height, weight, and age as squared values (ABC-advanced). We aimed to test the diagnostic performance of the ABC, ABC-cr and ABC-advanced equations in diagnosing AKI in 163 prospectively enrolled children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) onset. We considered measured basal serum creatinine (mbSCr), the creatinine measured 14 days after T1DM onset.

In Which Patients and Why Is Laparoscopy Helpful for the Impalpable Testis?

Since laparoscopy has been proposed in the management of the nonpalpable testis (NPT), this technique has been widely diffused among pediatric surgeons and urologists, but its application is still debated. We conducted a retrospective review to highlight how diagnostic and surgical indications for laparoscopy are selective and should be targeted to individual patients. From 2015 to 2019, 135 patients with NPT were admitted to our surgical division.

MKRN3 role in regulating pubertal onset: the state of art of functional studies.

Puberty is a critical process characterized by several physical and psychological changes that culminate in the achievement of sexual maturation and fertility. The onset of puberty depends on several incompletely understood mechanisms that certainly involve gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its effects on the pituitary gland. The role of makorin ring finger protein 3 (MKRN3) in the regulation of pubertal timing was revealed when loss-of-function mutations were identified in patients with central precocious puberty (CPP), which to date, represent the most commonly known genetic cause of this condition.

Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire Predicts Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children and Adolescents with Obesity.

Pediatric obesity is associated with an increased risk of morbidity during childhood. Alongside the well-known metabolic syndrome, during the last decades scientific research has deeply investigated the risk of sleep breathing disorders. Among them, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) commonly affects children with obesity.

Can Infant Dyschezia Be a Suspect of Rectosigmoid Redundancy?

Infant dyschezia is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that occurs in children less than nine months of age. This disorder causes much anxiety among parents who consult different physicians when suspecting major intestinal problems. The aim of this study is to verify whether infant dyschezia involves an anatomic abnormality (redundancy) of the colon.

Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Children's Eating Behaviours: A Longitudinal Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on children's lifestyle and eating behaviour, resulting in an increase of obesity prevalence. The CEBQ (Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire) is a validate questionnaire that investigates children's eating behaviour. Knowing the psychological consequences of daily routine disruption during lockdown, we evaluated the changes in eating behaviours in a paediatric cohort before and during the lockdown period through the evaluation of the Italian version of the CEBQ.

COVID-19 Can Cause Severe Intussusception in Infants: Case Report and Literature Review.

COVID-19 may cause intussusception in infants. We report on a case of severe ileo-colic intussusception in an infant with COVID-19 who required an ileo-colic resection. A literature review revealed 9 other cases with COVID-19 and intussusception.

The Challenge of Melanocytic Lesions in Pediatric Patients: Clinical-Pathological Findings and the Diagnostic Value of PRAME.

Pediatric melanoma is a rare disease especially in children aged younger than 10 years old. Recent estimates report a rise of disease incidence in both adults and children. Diagnostic work-up is challenging in pediatric melanoma, as it displays a wide range of clinical presentations.

Laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy for intra-abdominal cryptorchid testis: a single institution experience.

Fowler-Stephens Laparoscopic Orchiopexy (FSLO) permits the mobilization of Intra-Abdominal Testis (IAT) to the scrotal position after spermatic vessel ligation. We reported our experience of FSLO for IAT. The charts of all boys who underwent a FSLO were retrospectively reviewed.

Bedside surgery in the newborn infants: survey of the Italian society of pediatric surgery.

Introduction: This is the report of the first official survey from the Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery (ISPS) to appraise the distribution and organization of bedside surgery in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in Italy.

Methods: A questionnaire requesting general data, staff data and workload data of the centers was developed and sent by means of an online cloud-based software instrument to all Italian pediatric surgery Units.

Results: The survey was answered by 34 (65%) out of 52 centers.