The Topology of Poly(2-methyl-2-oxazine) Shells on Nanoparticles Determines Their Interaction with Serum and Uptake by Immune Cells.

Cyclic poly(2-methyl-2-oxazine) (-PMOZI) brush shells on Au nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit enhanced stealth properties toward serum and different cell lines compared to their linear PMOZI (-PMOZI) counterparts. While selectively recruiting immunoglobulins, -PMOZI shells reduce overall human serum (HS) protein binding and alter the processing of complement factor 3 (C3) compared to chemically identical linear shells. Polymer cyclization significantly decreases NP uptake by nonphagocytic cells and macrophages in both complement-deficient fetal bovine serum (FBS) and complement-expressing HS, indicating ineffective functional opsonization.

Echogenicity as a standalone nodule characteristic is not inferior to the TIRADS systems in the 10-20 mm nodule diameter range in patient selection for fine needle aspiration: a pilot study.

Objective: The ultrasound evaluation of thyroid nodules (TNs) in patient selection for fine needle aspiration (FNA) requires both uniformly accepted definitions of each nodule characteristic and extensive experience from the examiner. We hypothesized that nodule echogenicity alone may provide comparable performance to more complex approaches in patient selection for FNA.

Patients And Methods: Seven highly experienced investigators from four countries evaluated, online, the ultrasound (US) video recordings of 123 histologically verified TN by answering 17 nodule characteristics-related questions.

Medically not yet explained symptoms in hypothyroidism.

Persistent symptoms are common in the general population and even more so in people with hypothyroidism. When symptoms are unexplained and brought to medical attention, they can be referred to as medically not yet explained symptoms (MNYES), a term preferred to other descriptors by patients, care-givers and experts. MNYES might be neglected by endocrinologists or misattributed to hypothyroidism.

Nanotechnological Approaches to Enhance the Potential of α-Lipoic Acid for Application in the Clinic.

α-lipoic acid is a naturally occurring compound with potent antioxidant properties that helps protect cells and tissues from oxidative stress. Its incorporation into nanoplatforms can affect factors like bioavailability, stability, reactivity, and targeted delivery. Nanoformulations of α-lipoic acid can significantly enhance its solubility and absorption, making it more bioavailable.

Treatment of Obesity with Thyroid hormones in Europe. Data from the THESIS* Collaboration.

Purpose: The use of thyroid hormones (TH) to treat obesity is unsupported by evidence as reflected in international guidelines. We explored views about this practice, and associations with respondent characteristics among European thyroid specialists.

Methods: Specialists from 28 countries were invited to a survey via professional organisations.

Management of low-risk papillary thyroid cancer. Minimally-invasive treatments dictate a further paradigm shift?

Background: Current management options for PTMC include lobo-isthmectomy and active surveillance (AS). Recently, ultrasound-guided minimally invasive procedures (MITs) are offered as a nonsurgical therapy for PTMC because they do not require hospitalization and general anaesthesia, and do not result in loss of thyroid function or cosmetic damage. MITs are reported to consistently provide, mostly in large retrospective series of patients, a rapid, safe, and cost-effective way to eradicate low-risk thyroid malignancies.

Italian guidelines for the management of adult individuals with overweight and obesity and metabolic comorbidities that are resistant to behavioral treatment.

Aim: This guideline (GL) is aimed at providing a clinical practice reference for the management of adult patients with overweight or obesity associated with metabolic complications who are resistant to lifestyle modification.

Methods: Surgeons, endocrinologists, gastroenterologists, psychologists, pharmacologists, a general practitioner, a nutritionist, a nurse and a patients' representative acted as multi-disciplinary panel. This GL has been developed following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Hypothyroidism and Type D Personality: Results From E-MPATHY, a Cross-sectional International Online Patient Survey.

Context: Between 10% and 15% of people with hypothyroidism experience persistent symptoms, despite achieving biochemical euthyroidism. The underlying causes are unclear. Type D personality (a vulnerability factor for general psychological distress) is associated with poor health status and symptom burden but has not been studied in people with hypothyroidism.

Use of thyroid hormones in hypothyroid and euthyroid patients: A survey of members of the Endocrine Society of Australia.

Objective: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine condition usually managed with levothyroxine (LT4). However, controversy remains around the use of liothyronine (LT3). We aimed to investigate the practices of Australian endocrinologists when managing patients with hypothyroidism, their use of LT3 + LT4 combination therapy and use of thyroid hormones in euthyroid patients.

Patients' Persistent Symptoms, Clinician Demographics, and Geo-Economic Factors Are Associated with Choice of Therapy for Hypothyroidism by European Thyroid Specialists: The "THESIS" Collaboration.

Hypothyroidism is common, however, aspects of its treatment remain controversial. Our survey aimed at documenting treatment choices of European thyroid specialists and exploring how patients' persistent symptoms, clinician demographics, and geo-economic factors relate to treatment choices. Seventeen thousand two hundred forty-seven thyroid specialists from 28 countries were invited to participate in an online questionnaire survey.

A pharmacoeconomic analysis from Italian guidelines for the management of prolactinomas.

Background: Prolactinoma, the most common pituitary adenoma, is usually treated with dopamine agonist (DA) therapy like cabergoline. Surgery is second-line therapy, and radiotherapy is used if surgical treatment fails or in relapsing macroprolactinoma.

Objective: This study aimed to provide economic evidence for the management of prolactinoma in Italy, using a cost-of-illness and cost-utility analysis that considered various treatment options, including cabergoline, bromocriptine, temozolomide, radiation therapy, and surgical strategies.

Clinical Outcomes of Thermal Ablation Re-Treatment of Benign Thyroid Nodules: A Multicenter Study from the Italian Minimally Invasive Treatments of the Thyroid Group.

Thermal ablation (TA) is an established therapeutic option alternative to surgery in patients with solid benign thyroid nodules causing local symptoms. However, a variable part of thyroid nodules remain viable after these nonsurgical treatments, and as many as 15% of nodules treated with TA may require a second treatment over time. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of TA re-treatment on symptomatic benign thyroid nodules where the volume decreased by <50% after the first procedure ( = technique inefficacy).

Characteristics of specialists treating hypothyroid patients: the "THESIS" collaborative.

Introduction: Thyroid specialists influence how hypothyroid patients are treated, including patients managed in primary care. Given that physician characteristics influence patient care, this study aimed to explore thyroid specialist profiles and associations with geo-economic factors.

Methods: Thyroid specialists from 28 countries were invited to respond to a questionnaire, Treatment of Hypothyroidism in Europe by Specialists: an International Survey (THESIS).

Evidence of an upper ionospheric electric field perturbation correlated with a gamma ray burst.

Earth's atmosphere, whose ionization stability plays a fundamental role for the evolution and endurance of life, is exposed to the effect of cosmic explosions producing high energy Gamma-ray-bursts. Being able to abruptly increase the atmospheric ionization, they might deplete stratospheric ozone on a global scale. During the last decades, an average of more than one Gamma-ray-burst per day were recorded.

Use of thyroid hormones in hypothyroid and euthyroid patients: a 2022 THESIS questionnaire survey of members of the Latin American Thyroid Society (LATS).

Purpose: Inconsistencies in the medical management of hypothyroidism have been reported between endocrinologists in different countries. This study aimed to identify the attitudes of Latin America thyroid specialists towards the use of thyroid hormones.

Methods: Online survey of members of the Latin America Thyroid Society.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and thyroid cancer: is it the time to be concerned?

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have changed considerably the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, recently published data from retrospective cohort studies suggest that chronic exposure to GLP-1RAs in T2D may increase the risk of papillary and medullary thyroid cancer. In this perspective, the role of the incretin system in thyroid carcinogenesis has been reviewed and critically commented on, aiming to understand if the time has arrived to be concerned about the risk.