Are Pre-hospital Trauma Deaths Preventable? A Systematic Literature Review.

Background: The first and largest peak of trauma mortality is encountered on the trauma site. The aim of this study was to determine whether these trauma-related deaths are preventable. We performed a systematic literature review with a focus on pre-hospital preventable deaths in severely injured patients and their causes.

Correction to: Selective non-operative management for penetrating splenic trauma: a systematic review.

The original article has been corrected.

Cell-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Fractures.

Ongoing studies investigating fracture healing have uncovered and allowed investigators to gain a better understanding of where the variety of cells, which participate in this process, originate, and how they communicate as well as how they can be enhanced to successfully heal a fracture when the process has slowed or failed completely. This brief review will highlight some of the recent findings regarding the role the immune system in fracture healing and how these cells communicate with each other during the healing process. In addition, two 2 methods that have recently been shown to be promising techniques in supporting fracture when it stalls or reversing the process, when the fracture has failed to heal, will also be described.

Improved pre-hospital care efficiency due to the implementation of pre-hospital trauma life support (PHTLS) algorithms.

Purpose: Pre-hospital trauma life support (PHTLS) includes a standardized algorithm for pre-hospital care. Implementation of PHTLS led to improved outcome in less developed medical trauma systems. We aimed to determine the impact of PHTLS on quality of pre-hospital care in a European metropolitan area.

Quality of reduction correlates with clinical outcome in pelvic ring fractures.

Introduction: Posttraumatic pelvic deformity is associated with pain and loss of function. This study aimed to test the correlation of functional outcome in patients with pelvic fractures with the postoperative radiographic quality of reduction.

Methods: Consecutive patients with an isolated traumatic pelvic fracture that required closed or open reduction between 07/2015 and 07/2017 and had a completed follow-up of at least 6 months were included (N = 31, mean age 50 years, SD 21 years, range, 16 to 88 years).

Selective non-operative management for penetrating splenic trauma: a systematic review.

Introduction: The treatment of abdominal solid organ injuries has shifted towards non-operative management (NOM). However, the feasibility of NOM for penetrating splenic trauma is unclear and outcome is believed to be worse than NOM for penetrating liver and kidney injuries. Hence, the aim of the current systematic review was to evaluate the feasibility of selective NOM in penetrating splenic injury.

Different treatment strategies for acromioclavicular dislocation injuries: a nationwide survey on open/minimally invasive and arthroscopic concepts.

Background: Injuries to the acromioclavicular (AC) joint are one of the most common among sporting injuries of the upper extremity. Several studies investigated different treatment options comparing surgical and non-surgical treatment, and type of operative interventions. This study aims to evaluate treatment decisions regarding injuries of the AC joint and to compare different treatment strategies depending on the specific training of the treating physician.

The Hyperpolarization-Activated HCN4 Channel is Important for Proper Maintenance of Oscillatory Activity in the Thalamocortical System.

Hyperpolarization-activated cation channels are involved, among other functions, in learning and memory, control of synaptic transmission and epileptogenesis. The importance of the HCN1 and HCN2 isoforms for brain function has been demonstrated, while the role of HCN4, the third major neuronal HCN subunit, is not known. Here we show that HCN4 is essential for oscillatory activity in the thalamocortical (TC) network.

Monotrauma is associated with enhanced remote inflammatory response and organ damage, while polytrauma intensifies both in porcine trauma model.

Aim: Severely injured patients experience substantial immunological stress upon traumatic insult. Next to the direct local tissue injury also other organs, which are not directly injured such as liver and lung, are frequently affected by a so-called remote organ damage (ROD) after trauma. Thus, we studied the inflammatory response of lung and liver either after isolated femur fracture as example for ROD, or after multiple trauma in a porcine polytrauma model.

Influence of mobilization and weight bearing on in-hospital outcome in geriatric patients with hip fractures.

Introduction: Early recovery of mobilization after a fracture of the hip is associated with improved long-term ability to walk, lower complication rates, and mortality. In this context, early mobilization and full weight bearing are favorable. The aim of this study was (1) to analyze the influence of time between operation and first mobilization on in-hospital outcome and (2) the influence of early mobilization, full weight bearing, and ASA on pain, mobility of the hip, and ability to walk during the in-hospital phase of recovery.

Automated digital image quantification of histological staining for the analysis of the trilineage differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells.

Background: Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to repair and regenerate damaged tissues and are considered as attractive candidates for the development of cell-based regenerative therapies. Currently, there are more than 200 clinical trials involving the use of MSCs for a wide variety of indications. However, variations in their isolation, expansion, and particularly characterization have made the interpretation of study outcomes or the rigorous assessment of therapeutic efficacy difficult.

Does the time of day in orthopedic trauma surgery affect mortality and complication rates?

Background: Orthopedic trauma surgery has multiple, both patient-based and surgeon-based risk factors. Evaluating and modifying certain patient safety factors could mitigate some of these risks. This study investigates the influence that the time of day of surgery has on mortality and complication rates.

Regional specificity of cortico-thalamic coupling strength and directionality during waxing and waning of spike and wave discharges.

Spike-wave discharges (SWDs) on the EEG during absence epilepsy are waxing and waning stages of corticothalamic hypersynchrony. While the somatosensory cortex contains an epileptic focus, the role of thalamic nuclei in SWD generation is debated. Here we assess the contribution of distinct thalamic nuclei through multiple-site unit recordings in a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy and cross-correlation analysis, revealing coupling strength and directionality of neuronal activity at high temporal resolution.

The primate-specific peptide Y-P30 regulates morphological maturation of neocortical dendritic spines.

The 30-amino acid peptide Y-P30 corresponds to the N-terminus of the primate-specific, sweat gland-derived dermcidin prepropeptide. Previous work has revealed that Y-P30 enhances the interaction of pleiotrophin and syndecans-2/3, and thus represents a natural ligand to study this signaling pathway. In immature neurons, Y-P30 activates the c-Src and p42/44 ERK kinase pathway, increases the amount of F-actin in axonal growth cones, and promotes neuronal survival, cell migration and axonal elongation.

Risk factors for complications and adverse outcomes in polytrauma patients with associated upper extremity injuries.

Background: In terms of upper extremity fractures by patients with multiple injuires, a lot of studies have assessed the functional outcome following trauma to have less favorable outcomes in regards to functional recovery. We tested the hypothesis that differences in clinical outcome occur between shaft and articular injuries of the upper extremity, when patients that sustained neurologic deficits (e.g.

Effects of a simple home exercise program and vitamin D supplementation on health-related quality of life after a hip fracture: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To test the effects of vitamin D intervention and a simple home exercise program (HE) on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in the first 12 months after hip fracture.

Methods: HRQL was reported in 173 acute hip fracture patients (mean age 84 years, 79% females, 77% community dwelling) who were enrolled in the 12-month 2 × 2 factorial Zurich Hip Fracture Trial. Pre-fracture HRQL was assessed at baseline (4.

Current Status of helicopter emergency medical services in China: A bibliometric analysis.

Background: After nearly 20 years of development, China has realized some achievements in helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS). The purpose of this article is to introduce and evaluate the development and characteristics of HEMS in China by collecting and analyzing relevant literature and, in so doing, help this vital service to further develop.

Method: We conducted a Pubmed, Medline, Embase, ScienceDirect, Wanfang, CNKI, and VIP search of the literature on HEMS of China published between January 1950 and April 2017.

Anterior Rectus Sheath Autograft in WRAP-Augmentation of Achilles Tendon Rupture.

Achilles tendon ruptures can be counted as the most common traumatic ankle injuries. As such, there is a comparatively large set of treatment options including surgical and nonsurgical approaches. The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate a new technique for a specific subgroup of Achilles tendon ruptures that present with a large tendinous gap.

Screw fixation of ACPHT acetabular fractures offers sufficient biomechanical stability when compared to standard buttress plate fixation.

Background: Geriatric acetabular fractures require fixation with sufficient primary stability to allow for immediate full-weight bearing. Minimally-invasive procedures would be desirable in order to keep perioperative morbidity low. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical strength of lag screw-only fixation of anterior column posterior hemi-transverse (ACPHT) acetabular fractures to standard anatomical plate fixation.

Enhanced prehospital volume therapy does not lead to improved outcomes in severely injured patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

Background: Whether enhanced prehospital volume therapy leads to outcome improvements in severely injured patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of prehospital volume therapy on the clinical course of severely injured patients with severe TBI.

Methods: Data for 122,672 patients from TraumaRegister DGU (TR-DGU) was analyzed.

Symmetry Matching of the Medial Acetabular Surface-A Quantitative Analysis in View of Patient-Specific Implants.

Objective: To quantify intrapelvic surface symmetry in reference to a preshaped suprapectineal acetabular implant.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, an anatomically preshaped acetabular fracture implant was fitted on 3D surface models of 516 pelvises from a preexisting bone database using a software tool for automated implant fitting (SOMA, Stryker Orthopaedic Modeling and Analytics) of a CAD model of the implant. The distances between bone and the reference implant were measured at 2310 reference points for each hemipelvis.

Impaired anandamide/palmitoylethanolamide signaling in hippocampal glutamatergic neurons alters synaptic plasticity, learning, and emotional responses.

Endocannabinoid signaling via anandamide (AEA) is implicated in a variety of neuronal functions and considered a promising therapeutic target for numerous emotion-related disorders. The major AEA degrading enzyme is fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of FAAH reduce anxiety and improve emotional responses and memory in rodents and humans.

Safety of selective nonoperative management for blunt splenic trauma: the impact of concomitant injuries.

Background: Nonoperative management for blunt splenic injury is the preferred treatment. To improve the outcome of selective nonoperative therapy, the current challenge is to identify factors that predict failure. Little is known about the impact of concomitant injury on outcome.