Early EEG responses to pre-electoral survey items reflect political attitudes and predict voting behavior.

Self-reports are conventionally used to measure political preferences, yet individuals may be unable or unwilling to report their political attitudes. Here, in 69 participants we compared implicit and explicit methods of political attitude assessment and focused our investigation on populist attitudes. Ahead of the 2019 European Parliament election, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) from future voters while they completed a survey that measured levels of agreement on different political issues.

Dihydrogen cleavage by a dimetalloxycarbene-borane frustrated Lewis pair.

A frustrated Lewis pair of dititanoxycarbene [(Ti(N[Bu]Ar))(μ-CO)] (Ar = 3,5-MeCH) and B(CF) cleaved dihydrogen under ambient conditions to give the zwitterionic formate [(Ti(N[Bu]Ar))(μ-OCHO-ηO:ηO')(B(CF))] and the hydrido borate [Ti(N[Bu]Ar)][HB(CF)].

N-Heterocyclic carbene, carbodiphosphorane and diphosphine adducts of beryllium dihalides: synthesis, characterisation and reduction studies.

Reaction of several N-heterocyclic carbenes, a carbodiphosphorane, and bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) with [BeX2(OEt2)2] (X = Br or I) have yielded a variety of beryllium dihalide adduct complexes, all of which were crystallographically characterised. Attempts to reduce the compounds to low oxidation state beryllium complexes using a variety of reducing agents have been carried out, but were of limited success. However, reaction of [(IPr)BeBr2] (IPr = :C{(DipNCH)2}; Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) with the aluminium(i) heterocycle, [:Al(DipNacnac)] (DipNacnac = [HC(MeCNDip)2]-) afforded the adduct complex, [{(IPr)(Br)Be(μ-H)}2], while reduction of [(IPr)BeBr2] with potassium naphthalenide gave the beryllium naphthalenediyl complex, [(IPr)Be(C10H8)].

Reductive Hexamerization of CO Involving Cooperativity Between Magnesium(I) Reductants and [Mo(CO) ]: Synthesis of Well-Defined Magnesium Benzenehexolate Complexes*.

Reactions of two magnesium(I) compounds, [{( Nacnac)Mg} ] ( Nacnac=[HC(MeCNAr) ] ; Ar=mesityl (Mes) or o-xylyl (Xyl)), with CO in the presence of [Mo(CO) ] lead to the reductive hexamerization of CO, and formation of magnesium benzenehexolate complexes, [{( Nacnac)Mg} (C O )]. [Mo(CO) ] is not consumed in these reactions, but is apparently required to initiate (or catalyze) the CO hexamerizations. A range of studies were used to probe the mechanism of formation of the benzenehexolate complexes.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Magnesium Boryl and a Beryllium-Substituted Diazaborole.

Reaction of a lithium boryl, [(THF) Li{B(DAB)}] (DAB=[(DipNCH) ] , Dip=2,6-diisopropylphenyl), with a dinuclear magnesium(I) compound [{( Nacnac)Mg} ] ( Nacnac=[HC(MeCNMes) ] , Mes=mesityl) unexpectedly afforded a rare example of a terminal magnesium boryl species, [( Nacnac)(THF)Mg{B(DAB)}]. Attempts to prepare the magnesium boryl via a salt metathesis reaction between the lithium boryl and a β-diketiminato magnesium iodide compound, instead led to an intractable mixture of products. Similarly, reaction of the lithium boryl with a β-diketiminato beryllium bromide precursor, [( Nacnac)BeBr] (Dep=2,6-diethylphenyl) did not give a beryllium boryl, but instead afforded an unprecedented example of a beryllium substituted diazaborole heterocycle, [{( Nacnac)Be(4-DAB )}BBr].

Evaluation of the Stomatognathic System before and after Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment in 120 Healthy People by Using Surface Electromyography.

To investigate the action of osteopathic manipulative treatment on the muscular activity of the stomatognathic apparatus by using surface electromyography (sEMG). Surface electromyography (sEMG) was performed on the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles of 120 subjects (73 F; 47 M), both at time T0 and T2. The sample was divided into three randomized groups of 40 subjects each: control, placebo, and osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT).

Diagonally Related s- and p-Block Metals Join Forces: Synthesis and Characterization of Complexes with Covalent Beryllium-Aluminum Bonds.

Additions of beryllium-halide bonds in the simple beryllium dihalide adducts, [BeX (tmeda)] (X=Br or I, tmeda=N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine), across the metal center of a neutral aluminum(I) heterocycle, [:Al( Nacnac)] ( Nacnac=[(DipNCMe) CH] , Dip=2,6-diisopropylphenyl), have yielded the first examples of compounds with beryllium-aluminum bonds, [( Nacnac)(X)Al-Be(X)(tmeda)]. For sake of comparison, isostructural Mg-Al and Zn-Al analogues of these complexes, viz. [( Nacnac)(X)Al-M(X)(tmeda)] (M=Mg or Zn, X=I or Br) have been prepared and structurally characterized.

Reductive Trimerization of CO to the Deltate Dianion Using Activated Magnesium(I) Compounds.

This study details syntheses of unsymmetrical magnesium(I)-adduct complexes, [(Nacnac)(D)Mg-Mg(Nacnac)] (Nacnac = [(ArNCMe)CH]), Ar = xylyl (Xyl), mesityl (Mes), 2,6-diethylphenyl (Dep), or 2,6-diisopropylphenyl (Dip); D = N-heterocyclic carbene or 4-dimethylaminopyridine, DMAP), which X-ray crystallographic studies show to have markedly elongated Mg-Mg bonds. Two of these highly reactive species are shown to reductively trimerize CO to yield rare crystallographically characterized examples of the planar, aromatic deltate dianion, incorporated in the complexes [{(Nacnac)(D)Mg(μ-CO)Mg(Nacnac)}] (D = DMAP or :C{N(Me)C(Me)}). DFT calculations suggest that these complexes form via stepwise two-electron reductions of three CO molecules, resulting in the formation of three C-C bonds within the cyclic deltate unit.

Beryllium Halide Complexes Incorporating Neutral or Anionic Ligands: Potential Precursors for Beryllium Chemistry.

Reactions of the beryllium dihalide complexes [BeX (OEt ) ] (X=Br or I) with N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), a series of diazabutadienes, or bis(diphenylphosphino)methylene (DPPM) have yielded the chelated complexes, [BeX (TMEDA)], [BeX {(RN=CH) }] (R=tBu, mesityl (Mes), 2,6-diethylphenyl (Dep) or 2,6-diisopropylphenyl (Dip)), and the non-chelated system, [BeI (κ -P-DPPM) ]. Reactions of lithium or potassium salts of a variety of β-diketiminates have given both three-coordinate complexes, [{HC(RCNAr) }BeX] (R=H or Me; Ar=Mes, Dep or Dip; X=Br or I); and four-coordinate systems, [{HC(MeCNPh) }BeBr(OEt )] and [{HC(MeCNDip)(MeCNC H NMe }BeI]. Alkali metal salts of ketiminate, guanidinate, boryl/phosphinosilyl amide, or terphenyl ligands, lead to dimeric [{BeI{μ-[(OCMe)(DipNCMe)]CH}} ], and monomeric [{iPr NC(NMes) }BeI(OEt )], [κ -N,P-{(HCNDip) B}(PPh SiMe )NBeI(OEt )] and [{C H Ph -2,6}BeBr(OEt )], respectively.

Countercation Effect on CO Binding to Oxo Titanate with Bulky Anilide Ligands.

This work focuses on nucleophilic activation of CO at the anionic terminal oxo titanium tris(anilide) complexes [(Solv) M][OTi(N[ Bu]Ar) ] with M=Li, Na, K, Mg, MgMe, AlCl , AlI ; Ar=3,5-Me C H ; Solv=Et O, THF, 12-crown-4, 2,2,2-cryptand; n, m=1-2. The CO binding strength to the terminal oxo ligand of [OTi(N[ Bu]Ar) ] ([1] ) and the stability of the resulting carbonate moiety [O COTi(N[ Bu]Ar) ] ([2] ) are highly dependent on the Lewis acidity of the countercation. We report herein on CO binding as a function of countercation and countercation coordination environment, and comment in this respect on the bottom and upper limits of the cation Lewis acidity.

Deprotonation of a formato ligand by a cis-coordinated carbyne ligand within a bis(phenolate) tungsten complex.

Deprotonation of a formato ligand by a cis-coordinated propylidyne ligand in a tungsten(vi) complex [(OSSO)W([triple bond, length as m-dash]CEt)(OCHO)] (3) that contains a tetradentate bis(phenolato) ligand (OSSO = {1,4-dithiabutanediyl-2,2'-bis(4,6-di-tert-butyl-phenolato)}) gave the dioxo complex [(OSSO)WO2] (4) along with CO, ethylene and propylene as major products of decomposition.

Formate complexes of titanium(iv) supported by a triamido-amine ligand.

The terminal formate complex [(OCHO)Ti(NN)] (3) containing the trianionic triamido-amine ligand (MeSiNCHCH)N (NN) was prepared via salt metathesis of [ClTi(NN)] (1) with sodium formate or alternatively by treatment of the alkyl complex [BuTi(NN)] (2) with ammonium formate [HNEt][OCHO]. Deprotonation of 3 with potassium hexamethyldisilazide gave a polymeric helical chain of the oxo complex {K[OTi(NN)]} (4). Reaction of 2 with the trityl salt [PhC][B(3,5-ClCH)] or the Brønsted acid [HNEt][B(CF)] gave [(EtO)Ti(NN)][BR] (6[BR]·EtO) with R = 3,5-ClCH or CF.

A Dimetalloxycarbene Bonding Mode and Reductive Coupling Mechanism for Oxalate Formation from CO2.

We describe the stable and isolable dimetalloxycarbene [(TiX3 )2 (μ2 -CO2 -κ(2) C,O:κO')] 5, where X=N-(tert-butyl)-3,5-dimethylanilide, which is stabilized by fluctuating μ2 -κ(2) C,O:κ(1) O' coordination of the carbene carbon to both titanium centers of the dinuclear complex 5, as shown by variable-temperature NMR studies. Quantum chemical calculations on the unmodified molecule indicated a higher energy of only +10.5 kJ mol(-1) for the μ2 -κ(1) O:κ(1) O' bonding mode of the free dimetalloxycarbene compared to the μ2 -κ(2) C,O:κ(1) O' bonding mode of the masked dimetalloxycarbene.

DOPA decarboxylase activity in the nervous system and the ctenidium of the freshwater clam, Musculium (Sphaerium) transversum.

Dopa decarboxylase was measured in ganglia, connectives, branchial nerve and ctenidium of the clam, Musculium transversum. DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors (STH, HMD, and alpha-methyl-DOPA) reduced the enzymatic activity in all extracts. Ligation and extirpation of the visceral ganglion and branchial nerve significantly decreased the enzymatic activity in the ctenidium.

Paraformaldehyde-induced fluorescence as a histochemical test for 5-hydroxytryptamine in the epididymis of the opossum.

Epididymides of four opossums were tested histochemically for the presence of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). In addition, testes and epididymides of two opossums were analysed biochemically for the same substance. Biochemical analysis revealed a high concentration of 5-HT in the epididymis, while the amount in the testis proved to be insignificant.

Cilioexcitatory and cilioinhibitory processes initiated by light on two identifiable neuronal pigments in Mytilus edulis.

Two neuronal chromoproteins (red-haemoprotein and yellow-carotenoprotein) initiate changes in ciliary activity on the gill of Mytilus. Photic, electrical and chemical stimulation of these chromoproteins correlate with fluctuations in ionic (calcium and iron) deposits in gill bulk tissue samples. Microspectrophotometric measurements of chromoprotein spectral band patterns reveal two or three absorption maxima for carotenoprotein and haemoprotein respectively.

The coordinate roles of branchial nerve activity and potassium in the stimulation of ciliary activity in Mytilus edulis: observations with phenoxybenzamine, bromolysergic acid and fluorescence histochemistry.

Potassium concentrations in excess of 30 mM increase the rate of beating of lateral cilia on the gill of Mytilus edulis. Cilioexcitation produced by low frequency (5 beats/s) electrical stimulation was potentiated with potassium but blocked with bromolysergic acid (a serotonergic inhibitor). Cilioinhibition produced by high frequency (50 beats/s) stimulation was decreased with potassium and phenoxybenzamine (a dopaminergic inhibitor).