Simultaneous ipsilateral diaphyseal fractures of the femur and tibia: treatment and complications.

We present our experience of intramedullary nailing (IM) and external fixation in the treatment of 54 patients with ipsilateral diaphyseal fractures of the femur and tibia. Eight femoral and 24 tibial fractures were open. They were classified into three groups: IM nailing of both fractures (group A, 19 patients); IM nailing of the femoral and external fixation of the tibial fracture (group B, eight patients); and external fixation of both fractures (group C, 27 patients).

Prognostic implications of aberrations in p16/pRb pathway in urothelial bladder carcinomas: a multivariate analysis including p53 expression and proliferation markers.

Objective: To assess the prognostic value of the expression of two negative regulators of the cell cycle, namely CDKN2/INK4a gene product (p16) and retinoblastoma gene product (pRb), in urinary bladder cancer in relation to clinicopathological parameters, proliferative fraction and p53 protein accumulation.

Methods: Paraffin sections from 139 patients with urothelial carcinomas were stained immunohistochemically with antibodies to p16 (F12), pRb (PMG3-245), p53 (DO1), PCNA (PC10) and Ki-67 (MIB-1).

Results: Diminished p16 and pRb expression occurred in 29 and 74% of cases, respectively, being associated with advanced stage but not with histological grade, papillary status or proliferation rate.

Differential expression of p16(INK4a) in azoxymethane-induced mouse colon tumorigenesis.

Alterations in the p16(INK4a) gene have been implicated in the pathogenesis of different human cancers and animal tumors. We postulated that alterations in the p16(INK4a) gene may also be involved in mouse colon tumorigenesis induced by the chemical carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM). In the present study, p16(INK4a) deletion status and its expression were examined in an AOM-induced mouse colon tumor model.

Expression of transforming growth factor beta1 and its type II receptor in mouse colon tumors induced by azoxymethane.

Alterations in transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) and its type II receptor (TbetaR-II) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of human cancers and animal tumor models. We postulated that TGF-beta1 and TbetaR-II alterations may also be involved in mouse colon tumorigenesis induced by the chemical carcinogen, azoxymethane (AOM). In the present study, normal colon tissues and AOM-induced colon tumors from SWR/J mice were analyzed for mutational changes in the TbetaR-II gene, and the expression and localization of TGF-beta1 and TbetaR-II were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemisty.

Sequential and morphological analyses of aberrant crypt foci formation in mice of differing susceptibility to azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis.

Aberrant crypt foci (ACF), putative preneoplastic lesions, are early morphological changes induced by the colon carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM). Although inbred mice differ markedly in their susceptibility to AOM carcinogenesis, we have previously shown that ACF develop in both resistant and sensitive mouse strains after AOM treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the sequential development and identify the morphological characteristics of ACF induced by AOM in the distal colon of sensitive and resistant mice.

Results of a single total knee prosthesis compared with multiple joint replacement in the lower limb.

We present the clinical results of total knee replacement (TKR) in 133 patients who had two or more major joints of the lower limbs replaced, and compare them to the outcome in 406 patients with an isolated TKR. 383 patients had osteoarthritis (OA) and 136 had rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and these were assessed separately. A meniscal bearing prosthesis was used.

Successful treatment of valgus deformity of the knee with an open supracondylar osteotomy using a coral wedge: a brief report of two cases.

We present the clinical and radiological results of two patients with valgus deformity of the knee who underwent an open supracondylar osteotomy of the femur. A biocoral wedge was inserted in the lateral aspect of the osteotomy to maintain the correction without internal fixation. At 15 and 13 months, respectively, after the operation, tomograms showed correction of the deformity, sound healing of the osteotomy, partial absorption of the coral with complete incorporation of the graft within the bone and no complications.

Diallyl sulfide enhances azoxymethane-induced preneoplasia in Fischer 344 rat colon.

Azoxymethane (AOM) is an indirect-acting colon carcinogen that produces a high incidence of precancerous lesions, referred to as aberrant crypt foci (ACF), in rats. This study was undertaken to determine whether high dose gavage administration of the cytochrome P-450 2E1 (CYP2E1) inhibitor and chemopreventive agent, diallyl sulfide, would reduce the incidence and severity of ACF formation in the distal colons of AOM-treated Fischer 344 rats. Seven-week-old male rats received 150 or 50 mg/kg diallyl sulfide by gavage 24 and 2 h prior to two weekly i.

Azoxymethane induces KI-ras activation in the tumor resistant AKR/J mouse colon.

A differential susceptibility phenotype to the organotropic colon carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM) has been described in mice. The following studies were undertaken to test the hypothesis that intraspecific susceptibility can be accounted for by the specific complement of genetic alterations acquired by precancerous colon lesions referred to as aberrant crypt foci (ACF). As an initial approach to this question, mutations in codons 12 and 13 of the Ki-ras proto-oncogene were assessed in ACF, normal-appearing AOM-treated colonic epithelium, and tumors from A/J and SWR/J (susceptible) as well as AKR/J (resistant) mice.

Expression analysis of the group IIA secretory phospholipase A(2) in mice with differential susceptibility to azoxymethane-induced colon tumorigenesis.

The murine non-pancreatic secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) has been proposed as a tumor modifier of multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min). A genetic polymorphism in the mouse gene that causes a disruption in exon 3 results in loss of functional protein. Mouse strains with a disrupted sPLA(2) gene are susceptible to the Min phenotype and develop numerous intestinal polyps, whereas mice with normal sPLA(2) develop only a limited number of polyps.

Quantitative assessment of azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci in inbred mice.

Heritable differences in tumor susceptibility are observed in mice after repetitive exposures to the organotropic colon carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM). The following study was undertaken to determine whether early morphological alterations within the colonic epithelium correlate with subsequent cancer risk. A/J and SWR/J (susceptible) and AKR/J (resistant) mice were injected once a week with AOM at a dose of 10 mg/kg, i.

Preliminary analysis of azoxymethane-induced colon tumorigenesis in mouse aggregation chimeras.

Inbred mice exhibit differential susceptibility to colon carcinogens. The following study addresses the possibility that differences are intrinsic to colonic mucosa (cell autonomous) or are mediated by extracolonic systemic factors (e.g.

Altered expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 in azoxymethane-induced mouse colon tumorigenesis.

Alterations in the expression of the cell cycle regulators, cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4), have been implicated in malignancies of both humans and experimental animal models. We hypothesize that altered expression of cyclin D1 and Cdk4 may also be involved in mouse colon tumorigenesis induced by the chemical carcinogen, azoxymethane (AOM). In the present study, SWR/J mice were given AOM by i.

Azoxymethane-induced colon tumors and aberrant crypt foci in mice of different genetic susceptibility.

Azoxymethane (AOM) is an organotropic colon carcinogen that is commonly used to induce colon tumors in rodents. Unlike its parent compound, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), a tumor susceptibility phenotype in inbred mice with respect to AOM has not been established. Thus, this study was undertaken to determine whether genetic susceptibility extends to this carcinogen.

Expression of retinoblastoma gene product and p21 (WAF1/Cip 1) protein in gliomas: correlations with proliferation markers, p53 expression and survival.

Using immunohistochemistry we evaluated the expression of two negative regulators of the cell cycle, the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb) and the WAF1/Cip1 gene product (p21), in consecutive paraffin sections from 54 gliomas (49 astrocytomas and 5 oligodendrogliomas) and related it to clinicopathological parameters, proliferative fraction, p53 expression and survival. Survival analysis was restricted to the group of diffuse astrocytomas (48 patients). pRb expression did not correlate with histological type, grade or p53 expression, while a moderately strong correlation existed between pRb expression and the percentages of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and MIB-1-positive cells.

Initial levels of azoxymethane-induced DNA methyl adducts are not predictive of tumor susceptibility in inbred mice.

Inbred mice vary in susceptibility to colon carcinogens such as 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Differential susceptibility may depend, in part, on formation of promutagenic DNA methyl adducts within target colonic mucosa. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the extent of DNA adduct formation in susceptible (SWR) and resistant (AKR) mice acutely exposed to the colon carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM), a direct metabolite of DMH.

Benign fibroepithelial ureteral polyps. Report of 3 cases.

Three rare cases of benign ureteral polyps are presented. The rareness of benign mesenchymal ureteral tumors and the difficulty in pre-operative differential diagnosis from malignant epithelial are remarkable. The diagnosis is made on characteristic appearance at operation and is confirmed by frozen section and histological examination.

Prognostic significance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in gliomas.

The relationship between proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and various clinicopathological indices (age, sex, tumour location, histological type and grade and treatment) and post-operative survival were studied in patients with central nervous system gliomas using univariate and multivariate analysis. The expression of PCNA (PC10 score) was examined immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody PC10 on paraffin sections from 45 cases. Univariate analysis showed that a high PC10 score as well as older age, high histological grade and the histological type (astrocytoma) were associated with reduced survival.

Renal oncocytoma and renal pelvis carcinoma: a rare coexistence of double renal tumors.

We report a case of renal oncocytoma which was found incidentally during the nephroureterectomy for renal pelvis carcinoma. The coexistence of two tumors on the kidney with absolutely different origin one from the other is extremely rare and interesting. Herein we discuss the clinical, morphological, histological, ultrastructural and angiographical characteristics of oncocytoma.

The effects of haloperidol and clozapine on PCP- and amphetamine-induced suppression of social behavior in the rat.

Previous work has shown that phencyclidine (PCP) and amphetamine decrease social behavior in rats. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of the dopamine antagonists clozapine and haloperidol on PCP- and amphetamine-induced changes in rat social behavior. An intruder paradigm was used, in which rats were injected with drug and placed into a stable home colony of three other rats.

Assessment of proliferating-cell nuclear antigen immunostaining in soft-tissue tumours: relationship to histological grade and mitotic activity.

The proliferative activity in 70 cases of soft-tissue tumours was estimated immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody PC-10, which recognizes proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in paraffin sections. The PCNA index (i.e.

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen and nucleolar organizer regions in CNS tumors: correlation with histological type and tumor grade. A comparative study of 82 cases on paraffin sections.

We investigated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the number of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in 82 cases of CNS tumors. PCNA is a nuclear protein maximally elevated in the S phase of the cell cycle and recognized immunohistochemically in paraffin sections by the monoclonal antibody PC-10. On the other hand, NORs are loops of DNA that carry the rRNA genes and can be demonstrated in paraffin sections using an argyrophilic method (AgNORs).

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in medullary thyroid carcinoma.

We investigated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in paraffin sections from 20 cases of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Follow-up data were available in eleven cases. PCNA index positively correlated with the degree of cellular pleomorphism (grade) of the tumor (p < 0.

Conservative treatment of ectopic pregnancy with intramuscular administration of methotrexate (MTX/CV).

20 cases of unruptured ectopic pregnancies were studied from August 1990 till May 1991. They were treated according to the Sauers et al. (1987) protocol with Methotrexate and rescuvolin.