All you need to know about gastrinoma today | Gastrinoma and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: A thorough update.

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is a distinct syndrome characterized by hyperchlorhydria-induced peptic ulcer disease and chronic diarrhea. It is the result of a gastrin-excess state caused by a duodenal or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor referred to as gastrinoma. This gastrin-secreting neuroendocrine tumor is usually sporadic in nature, or part of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome.

Latest evidence on immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer: A 2022 update.

The long-term remissions induced by immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in many types of cancers have opened up the possibility of a broader use of immunotherapy in less immunogenic but genetically heterogeneous tumours. Regarding metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), in first-line setting, pembrolizumab has been approved as preferred option and nivolumab, alone or in combination with ipilimumab as alternative option for patients with mismatch-repair-deficient and microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) disease, independently of their eligibility for intensive chemotherapy. In subsequent lines, both these immunotherapeutic regimens (e.

Carotid Disease and Ageing: A Literature Review on the Pathogenesis of Vascular Senescence in Older Subjects.

Aging is a natural process that affects all systems of the human organism, leading to its inability to adapt to environmental changes. Advancing age has been correlated with various pathological conditions, especially cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Carotid artery (CA) is mainly affected by age-induced functional and morphological alterations causing atheromatous disease.

Weak stromal Caveolin-1 expression in colorectal liver metastases predicts poor prognosis after hepatectomy for liver-only colorectal metastases.

Loss of stromal Caveolin-1 (CAV1) expression is associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. We evaluated the prognostic value of CAV1 expression of both cancer cells and stromal cells in colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) in patients undergoing hepatectomy. In this retrospective study, 109 patients were enrolled.

Irreversible electroporation (Nanoknife® treatment) in the field of hepatobiliary surgery: Current status and future perspectives.

Purpose: We aimed to provide an overview of current understanding on the potential use of irreversible electroporation (IRE) in the field of hepatobiliary surgery with a focus on current results in hepatic and pancreatic cancers, its limitations, and its current directions.

Methods: Through a review of the literature we have gathered the key articles and trials that are shaping our understanding of the current status of IRE and its prospective uses, and organized them in an easily understandable format showcasing the most up to date results.

Results: IRE appears to be comparable in effectiveness and postoperative pain to the more established thermal ablation methods, while having the benefit of avoiding their detrimental thermal effects.

The value of calprotectin S100A8/A9 complex as a biomarker in colorectal cancer: A systematic review.

Purpose: Associations between inflammation and carcinogenesis have been reported for many years, as originally postulated by Virchow in his studies, but the results from prospective cohort studies remain controversial. We evaluated the role of calprotectin as a biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: The MEDLINE/PubMed database was thoroughly searched using the keywords: "inflammation", "colorectal cancer, "calprotectin", "carcinogenesis" and/or "biomarkers".

Intracholecystic papillary-tubular neoplasm in a patient with choledochal cyst: a link between choledochal cyst and gallbladder cancer?

Background: Intracholecystic papillary-tubular neoplasms are rare precursor lesions of gallbladder cancer. They were proposed as a separate pathologic entity in 2012 by Adsay et al. for the unification of a variety of mass-forming precursor lesions including papillary adenomas, tubulopapillary adenomas, intestinal adenomas, and others.

Detection of circulating tumor cells in colorectal and gastric cancer using a multiplex PCR assay.

Aim: The aim of this study was the development of a multiplex-PCR assay for the detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with colorectal and gastric cancer.

Patients And Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 81 patients with colorectal cancer, 16 with gastric cancer and 38 healthy blood donors, as controls. The samples were processed for RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis and were subsequently analyzed for the expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK19), cytokeratin 20(CK20) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with multiplex PCR.

Time course changes of anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins in apigenin-induced genotoxicity.

Background: Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone, AP), an active component of many medicinal Chinese herbs, exhibits anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo. This study aims to investigate the genotoxic, cytostatic, and cytotoxic effects of AP and time course changes in the levels of anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins involved in the DNA damage response in HepG2 cells.

Methods: The genotoxic potential of AP was determined by sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) analysis.

The single nucleotide polymorphism g.1548A >G (K469E) of the ICAM-1 gene is associated with worse prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer.

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a cell adhesion molecule with a key role in inflammation and immunosurveillance, has been implicated in carcinogenesis by facilitating instability of the tumor environment. The K469E single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (G>A) affects the ICAM-1 mRNA splicing pattern; the alternatively spliced isoform (ICAM-1-S) lacks transmembrane and intracellular domain, which affects the structural and signal transduction properties. Moreover, the expression of ICAM-1 is transcriptionally regulated by p53, and this SNP has been shown to be related with apoptosis.

Acute recurrent pancreatitis: a possible clinical manifestation of ampullary cancer.

Context: Acute recurrent pancreatitis still poses diagnostic difficulties. The coexistence or moreover the causative relationship of carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater and acute recurrent pancreatitis is fairly rare.

Case Report: We present a case of carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater that presented with acute recurrent necrotizing pancreatitis complicated with pseudocysts.

A Malignant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Gallbladder Immunoreactive for PDGFRA and Negative for CD 117 Antigen (c-KIT).

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) compose the largest category of well-recognized nonepithelial neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract (GI). GISTs of the gallbladder are extremely rare tumors. Only four malignant, two benign and one GIST-like tumor of the gall bladder have ever been described.

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and chronic pancreatitis: overlapping pathological entities? Two case reports.

Context: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are a recently classified pancreatic neoplasm with an increasing incidence. IPMN is often misdiagnosed as chronic pancreatitis because of symptoms of relapsing abdominal pain, pancreatitis, and steatorrhea and imaging findings of a dilated pancreatic duct of cystic lesions that are frequently confused with pseudocysts. Early recognition of IPMN allows for prompt surgical resection before malignant transformation.

GIST suture-line recurrence at a gastrojejunal anastomosis 8 years after gastrectomy: can GIST ever be described as truly benign? A case report.

We present the case of a 71 year old man with recurrence of a Gastro Intestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST) at the gastrojejunal anastomosis eight years following partial gastrectomy for a very small primary gastric GIST. He presented acutely on both occasions with haemodynamic shock secondary to massive haematemesis. During his initial presentation in 2001, an emergency laparotomy was performed, demonstrating a pre-pyloric ulcerative lesion.

Primary appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma alongside with situs inversus totalis: a unique clinical case.

Introduction: Mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract and one of the three major histological subtypes of the primary appendiceal adenocarcinoma. The most common type of presentation is that of acute appendicitis and the diagnosis is usually occurred after appendectomy. The accurate preoperative diagnosis and management of the above condition represents a real challenge when uncommon anatomic anomalies such intestinal malrotation and situs inversus take place.

Predictors of survival in stage IV metastatic colorectal cancer.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to evaluate predictors of survival in stage IV metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC).

Patients And Methods: A total of 541 patients with histologically proven metastatic CRC (UICC stage IV) were retrospectively analysed and 37 variables were tested for their potential relationship to survival.

Results: Mean survival time was recorded at 12.

Evaluation of DNA ploidy in relation with established prognostic factors in patients with locally advanced (unresectable) or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Most patients with ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma are diagnosed with locally advanced (unresectable) or metastatic disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of DNA ploidy in relation with established clinical and laboratory variables in such patients.

Methods: Two hundred and twenty six patients were studied retrospectively.

Gastric carcinoid tumor in association with hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report.

A second primary malignancy (SPM) can occur in patients with gastrointestinal carcinoids. A patient underwent endoscopic resection of a gastric carcinoid. Repeat gastroscopy revealed recurrence of the lesion and multiple nodular gastric lesions, while an abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a small solid lesion in the left hepatic lobe.

One year after laparoscopic "tight" sleeve gastrectomy: technique and outcome.

Background: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is currently gaining ground as a new option for the treatment of morbid obesity. The main advantages of this procedure are less postoperative food restrictions, no vomiting, and absence of late complications due to the lack of foreign implants. The aim of this study is to present our experience with this new bariatric technique.

Inflammatory pseudotumor associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Background: Inflammatory pseudotumor is a relatively rare entity; originally identified in the lung, it has been described in multiple extrapulmonary anatomic locations.

Case Report: We report on the unusual case of an inflammatory pseudotumor associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, which was initially mistaken for a renal malignancy both in clinical and radiological settings. We additionally present three brief reviews concerning: (1) infectious agents postulated to induce morphological changes of an inflammatory pseudotumor; (2) mycobacterial pseudotumors; and (3) distinction from inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the renal pelvis.

Malondialdehyde as an indicator of oxidative stress during abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury significantly contributes to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)- related mortality and morbidity; therefore, we measured oxidative stress during open AAA repair and investigated any potential associations with intraoperative or perioperative events (aortic clamping time, blood loss, and the need to transfer to the intensive care unit). Blood samples were collected at specific time points from 53 patients undergoing open AAA repair: (1) before induction of anesthesia; (2) 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after aortic clamping; (3) 15 and 60 minutes after clamp removal; and (4) 24 hours postoperatively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured by a spectrophotometric method.

Coexistence of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and colorectal adenocarcinoma: A case report.

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) represent the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract. Over the last ten years the management of GISTs has dramatically altered but their coexistence with other gasrointesinal tumors of different histogenesis presents a special interest. The coexistence of GISTs with other primaries is usually discovered incidentally during GI surgery for carcinomas.

Simultaneous evaluation of maspin and CXCR4 in patients with breast cancer.

Aim: To study simultaneously the actions of maspin and CXCR4, which share several similar pathways in cancer, including apoptosis and angiogenesis.

Methods: Our material consisted of 151 invasive breast carcinomas arranged in a tissue microarray setting. Maspin and CXCR4 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.