Treating Glabellar Lines With Botulinum Toxin: Does Your Patient Need to Frown Steadily?

Background: The variable relationship between the orbicularis supercilii and frontalis muscles may cause side effects with botulin toxin; steadily frowning is the usual recommendation. Eliminating the need to frown until all injections are over might enhance efficacy and lessen the neurotoxicity risks related to muscle exhaustion.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to investigate whether the digital caliper-assessed distances between the medial and lateral corrugator injection sites and the midline differed significantly in patients persistently frowning from patients resting.

Probiotics and gastrointestinal diseases.

During the past decades, scientists have discovered the intimate role of the gut microbiome in human health, and since then, several papers have been published to investigate if the use of biotics (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics) may have a beneficial impact on human health both in treatment and prevention. We now ask ourselves whether we have reached the finish line or just a new starting point, as the evidence supporting the use of biotics in several conditions still needs a lot of work. Many questions remain unanswered today because the evidence differs depending on the indication, used strain, and amount and duration of administration.

Heterogeneous crow's feet line patterns and customized botulinum toxin rejuvenating treatment.

Background: From early dynamic lines in smiling and squinting young people, crow's feet lines in the lateral canthal region evolve through prolonged tissue remodeling into mature, stable rhytids after the mid-to-late thirties, and requests for rejuvenating treatment. Because of the heterogeneous fanning behavior of crow's feet lines, individualizing neuromodulation with botulinum toxin injections might be a sound strategy to maximize aesthetic outcomes.

Aims: To investigate the prevalence of variable crow's feet line patterns at maximum contracture and while smiling and comment on the relative distribution of such patterns and the influence of aging.

Botulinum Toxin Type A: Adverse Events and Management.

Aesthetic medicine is witnessing an increasing exploitation of all the procedures. The demand has never been higher than it is today. The number of practitioners is also increasing year by year.

A Topical Depigmentation Program Against Hyperpigmentation Enhances the Benefits of Previously Performed Chemical Peeling Procedures of the Face.

Chemical peeling can reduce skin hyperpigmentation; however, once exhausted its thinning action, the depigmentation process does not continue further. We carried out a monocentric, prospective, noncontrolled study aimed at the evaluation of the efficacy, safety, ease of use, pleasantness, and tolerability of a depigmentation topical treatment program in women submitted to a previous chemical peeling. The topical treatment has been administered daily for 30 days to 16 women submitted to a chemical peeling containing a fixed-dose combination of salicylic acid, pyruvic acid, and retinoic acid within 7 days before study inclusion.

Consensus report on the use of PN-HPT™ (polynucleotides highly purified technology) in aesthetic medicine.

Background: Injective procedures using polynucleotides-based products to promote dermal rejuvenation and revitalization are steadily evolving, yet no structured protocols are available that discuss and provide guidance in aesthetic treatments with highly purified polynucleotides. The goal of this document was to provide consensus-based recommendations for the safe and effective use of Polynucleotides Highly Purified Technology™ (PN-HPT™) devices for skin rejuvenation.

Patients/methods: A team of eight experts with extensive experience in treatments for skin rejuvenation and revitalization integrated the best available evidence and clinical judgment and devised a series of practical guidance to support dermatologists, plastic surgeons, and aesthetic physician in the use of PN-HPT™ products, alone and in combination, in aesthetic medicine.

Skin Quality Improvement With VYC-12, a New Injectable Hyaluronic Acid: Objective Results Using Digital Analysis.

Background: VYC-12 is a novel hyaluronic acid-based dermal filler designed to treat fine lines and improve skin quality. A specialist digital camera and proprietary Digital Analysis of the Cutaneous Surface (DACS) software have previously been used to objectively measure changes in skin features.

Objective: To assess the effect of facial treatment with VYC-12 on skin texture using the specialist camera.

An objective method to assess the improvements of skin texture roughness after botulinum toxin type a treatment of crow's feet.

Background: Photo-numeric scales could lack precision and objectivity on evaluating the improvements on wrinkles after a treatment with botulinum toxin type A. The authors suggest a new digital evaluation method to analyze its effectiveness.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate retrospectively the effect of intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin type A on skin texture in the lateral peri-orbital region with a new objective method.

Fire disasters in the twentieth century.

In the field of natural and man-made disasters, fire has played a predominant role. A report is presented of fire disasters in the twentieth century, with a chronological analysis of different worldwide typologies.

Stimulation of arachidonic acid metabolism by CCl4 in isolated rat hepatocytes.

Arachidonic acid metabolism was evaluated in isolated rat hepatocytes after CCl4 exposure. CCl4 induced dose-dependently the synthesis and release of prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane (TXB2). Treatment with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) 30 min after exposure to CCl4, significantly reduced the cell damage as well as the release of TXB2 from the cells.