Assessing the accuracy of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and management of orbital fractures: Is this the future of surgical decision-making?

Orbital fractures are common, but their management remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to assess the accuracy of an advanced artificial intelligence (AI) model, ChatGPT-4, in surgical decision-making, with a focus on orbital fracture diagnosis and management. A retrospective observational analysis was conducted by involving a sample of 30 orbital fracture cases diagnosed and managed at the Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland.

Surgically treated chronic maxillary sinusitis: Does the odontogenic etiology alone or in combination with a fungus ball matter?

Purpose: To determine whether odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, either alone (OMSw/oFB) or in combination with fungus ball (OMSwFB), is associated with specific clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes compared to non-odontogenic maxillary sinusitis.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on patients who underwent surgical treatment for chronic maxillary sinusitis between 2013 and 2021. OMSw/oFB and OMSwFB patients, were selected as the study group, while patients diagnosed with non-odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (non-OMS) were enrolled as the control group.

Comparative analysis of postoperative complications and outcomes in outpatient versus inpatient orthognathic surgery: A retrospective cohort study.

The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the complication rates of single-jaw orthognathic surgery between outpatients and inpatients, and to examine their impact on the outcome of care setting. A retrospective cohort study was performed of patients who underwent single-jaw orthognathic procedures. Outpatients between 2008 and 2023 were selected as the study group, while inpatients between 1997 and 2023 were enrolled as the control group.

Temporal Bone Fractures and Related Complications in Pediatric and Adult Cranio-Facial Trauma: A Comparison of MDCT Findings in the Acute Emergency Setting.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of and complications resulting from temporal bone fractures in adult and pediatric patients evaluated for cranio-facial trauma in an emergency setting.

Methods: A retrospective blinded analysis of CT scans of a series of 294 consecutive adult and pediatric patients with cranio-facial trauma investigated in the emergency setting was conducted. Findings were compared between the two populations.

Current Strategies for Treatment of Mandibular Fractures With Plate Osteosynthesis: A European Prospective Study.

Purpose: The training and preferences of surgeons influence the type of surgical treatment for mandibular fractures. This multicentre prospective study analyzed the current treatment strategies and outcomes for mandibular fractures with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).

Material And Methods: This prospective study included patients aged ≥16 years who underwent ORIF for mandibular fractures in 12 European maxillofacial centers.

Does the type of craniomaxillofacial fracture (CMF) differ between patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and those with blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI)? A retrospective study.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate and compare craniomaxillofacial fracture (CMF) type in patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) versus blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI). A retrospective cohort study was performed. The predictor variables were the types of CMF.

The Use of Equimolar Mixtures of Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen in Oral Surgery-A Retrospective Study of Patients in a Swiss University Hospital Setting.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the success of procedural conscious sedation using inhaled equimolar nitrous oxide-oxygen (NOIS-EMONO) in patients undergoing routine dental and oral surgery procedures in a Swiss university hospital setting.

Materials And Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients that underwent NOIS-supported procedures between 2018 and 2022 at the oral surgery department of the University Hospital of Geneva (HUG), Switzerland. The primary outcome was the measurement of the procedure's success and efficacy as defined by the European Society of Anesthesiology.

Manual versus rigid intraoperative maxillo-mandibular fixation in the surgical management of mandibular fractures: A European prospective analysis.

Purpose: Intraoperative stabilisation of bony fragments with maxillo-mandibular fixation (MMF) is an essential step in the surgical treatment of mandibular fractures that are treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The MMF can be performed with or without wire-based methods, rigid or manual MMF, respectively. The aim of this study was to compare the use of manual versus rigid MMF, in terms of occlusal outcomes and infective complications.

Contribution of 3D printing for the surgical management of jaws cysts and benign tumors: A systematic review of the literature.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing is now a widely recognized surgical tool in oral and maxillofacial surgery. However, little is known about its benefits for the surgical management of benign maxillary and mandibular tumors and cysts.

Purpose: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the contribution of 3D printing in the management of benign jaw lesions.

Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Modeling (CAD/CAM) for Guiding Dental Implant Surgery: Personal Reflection Based on 10 Years of Real-Life Experience.

Traditional dental implant surgery has been challenged by the phenomenal progression in computer-assisted surgery (CAS) that we have been witnessing in recent years. Among the computer-aided technologies, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques represent by far the most attractive and accepted alternatives over their dynamic counterpart, navigational assistance. Based on many years of experience, we have determined that CAD/CAM technology for guiding dental implant surgery is valuable for rehabilitation of the anterior maxillary region and the management of complete or severe partial edentulism.

European multicenter prospective analysis of the use of maxillomandibular fixation for mandibular fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation.

Introduction: The goal of mandibular fracture treatment is to restore static and dynamic occlusal functions. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of these fractures can be associated with an intraoperative and/or postoperative maxillo-mandibular fixation (MMF). The aim of this study was to analyse the use of perioperative MMF and its effects on occlusal outcomes in the management of mandibular fractures.

The lockdown effect: The impact of the COVID-19-related confinement on the nature of dental emergencies and the number of patients seen at the Geneva university hospital's dental clinic.

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective case study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 confinement on consultation number and nature of dental emergencies.

Materials And Methods: The investigators implemented a retrospective case-control study and enrolled a sample of patients who presented to the University Hospital of Geneva for dental emergencies during the COVID-19 confinement from March 16 to April 26, 2020. They were compared to a matched case-control group treated in 2018 and 2019.

Reflections on a patient-centered approach to treatment of blow-out fractures: Why the wisdom of the pastmust guide our decision-making.

The management of blow-out orbital fractures (BOFs) continues to be controversial and regularly questioned. In recent years, treatment decision-making has shifted from a clinically dominated emphasis to a more objective data-based approach. This has come about through the refinement of imaging technologies that can more precisely define the fracture itself.

Orbital Fractures With Concomitant Ocular Nerve Palsy: An Insidious and Potentially Misleading Association in Surgical Decision-Making.

Purpose: Orbital fractures (OFs) are common, but their association with concomitant traumatic ocular nerve palsy (TONP) is exceptional and may potentially cause confusing clinical pictures of oculomotor involvement. The purpose of the present study is to describe a series of patients with OFs and concomitant TONP following facial trauma and to evaluate clinical features, diagnostic pitfalls, and final functional outcome.

Methods: The investigators designed and implemented a retrospective case series and enrolled a sample of patients with OFs and concomitant TONP who had been managed at the University Hospitals of Geneva between 2013 and 2020.

A clinical and MRI retrospective cohort study of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) to determine if initial temporomandibular joint (TMJ) examination findings are associated with severity of TMJ arthritis.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between initial TMJ examination findings and clinical and MRI severity of TMJ arthritis in a cohort of patients with JIA. The clinical variables were signs and symptoms at the initial TMJ evaluation. Outcome was the severity of TMJ arthritis as evaluated clinically by the Helkimo clinical dysfunction indices and by MRI.

Dental implants in patients suffering from autoimmune diseases: A systematic critical review.

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to evaluate complications and survival rates of dental implants placed in patients suffering from autoimmune diseases.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses systematic review guidelines (PRISMA), using Google scholar and PubMed electronic databases with a stop date of September 2021. The eligibility criteria included all full text human studies in the English language literature reporting on patients with autoimmune diseases treated with dental implants.

Buccal corticotomy using piezosurgery as a surgical approach for removal of deeply impacted mandibular teeth: An alternative procedure to avoid pitfalls associated with the conventional technique.

Purpose: To describe and evaluate the use of buccal corticotomy (BC) using a piezosurgical approach for the removal of deeply impacted mandibular teeth.

Patients And Methods: The charts of all patients who underwent BC for the removal of impacted mandibular teeth between 2011 and 2019 at the University Hospital of Geneva were reviewed. The primary outcome variables were (1) the indication for the removal of impacted mandibular teeth by BC, (2) complications.

Maxillary surgical ciliated cysts following advancement Le Fort I osteotomy with concomitant autogenous bone grafting: a simple coincidence or a cause-effect relationship?

Surgical ciliated cysts (SCCs) are rare benign lesions that have been described after radical maxillary sinus surgery such as a Caldwell-Luc procedure for chronic sinusitis. They usually occur several years following surgery, and they typically present as an evolving swelling in the maxillary sulcus and cheek area. The pathogenetic mechanism is related to the entrapment of respiratory epithelium from the paranasal sinuses and/or the nose within the wound created by the surgical procedures.

Effect of intra-articular corticosteroid injections on pain and mouth opening in juvenile idiopathic arthritis with temporomandibular involvement: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of temporomandibular intra-articular corticosteroid injections (IACS) on pain and mouth opening in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement.

Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis methodology was used, beginning with a comprehensive literature search using MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library. The population in question was pediatric patients with a JIA diagnosis and TMJ involvement; the intervention was IACS injections to treat TMJ arthritis; a strict control group was not considered necessary; the outcome was clinical signs of improvement of the TMJ arthritis based on pain and mouth opening capacity (MIO).

Are Inferior Rectus Muscle Displacement and the Fracture's Size Associated With Surgical Repair Decisions and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Pure Blowout Orbital Fracture?

Purpose: Although orbital blowout fractures are common, there is no consensus with respect to treatment decision making and long-term outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between inferior rectus muscle (IRM) displacement and fracture size and the surgical repair decisions and clinical outcomes in patients with blowout fractures (BOFs).

Patients And Methods: We designed a prospective cohort study and enrolled all patients who presented to the University Hospital of Geneva for evaluation of a BOF.

[Orbital fractures: enigmatic and insidious entities].

Orbital fractures are frequent and can result in severe complications (visual impairment, diplopia and enophthalmos). Their management is challenging and remains controversial. Whereas immediate surgery is clearly indicated in children with trapdoor fractures associated with annoying diplopia and observational management is indicated in cases with no diplopia, a grey zone of therapy decisions concern a significant portion of cases.

Posttraumatic Respiratory Epithelial Orbital Cyst With Intracranial Extension: A Unique Association.

Respiratory epithelial orbital cysts (REOC) are rare benign lesions that may be either congenital or acquired. Congenital REOC develop from embryological epithelial rests and are known as choristomas, whereas acquired forms develop from the sequestration of respiratory epithelium from adjacent paranasal sinuses following trauma and/or fracture repair procedures. The final diagnosis can be difficult because congenital and acquired REOC and mucoceles share the same features histologically.

Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia Located on the Forehead: A Possible Association with Oral Contraceptive Use?

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is an uncommon benign vasoproliferative tumor characterized by nodules, papules or plaques localized principally in the head and neck region. Histopathological examination reveals hyperplastic blood vessels lined by large endothelial cells, accompanied by an infiltrate of inflammatory cells including eosinophils. The pathogenetic mechanism remains unclear, although different theories have been proposed.