[When a Headache Is Not Just Hypertension: A Case of Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in a Young Patient].

Thrombotic microangiopathies represent a group of particularly serious pathologies that can cause a rapid worsening of renal function, especially in young subjects. Through the clinical case described, we will focus our attention on the clinical and laboratory manifestations of the pathology, on the diagnostics and on the therapies to be used. Recent therapeutic innovations for the treatment of this pathology will also be analysed.

[When a rear-end collision turns out to be a revelation: a case of IgG4 related kidney desease].

IgG4 related renal disease represents a frequent manifestation of the wider IgG4 related disease, a fibroinflammatory disorder with a not fully understood etiology that affects several organs. Through the clinical case presented, we will focus attention on this pathology and on the diagnostic difficulties that may arise, and on the investigations necessary for the diagnosis. Finally, the main therapeutic options will be discussed.

[Rapidly progressive Alport syndrome in a young woman: case report].

Alport syndrome is a hereditary clinical condition characterized by multisystemic changes (sensorineural and ocular deafness) associated with hematuria and proteinuria. Due to its genetic variability and multiple symptoms, it is often diagnosed by chance and too late. The present work focuses on this pathology through a clinical case report.

[Multiple myeloma, plasma cell dyscrasias and kidneys: a few symptoms, extensive damage].

Multiple myeloma represents one of the main universal oncological diseases. Due to its clinical characteristics, it is often diagnosed only too late, when it has already determined systemic effects; this results in greater therapeutic difficulty and worse prognostic results. Through the clinical case discussed in this article, we want to focus on the often aspecific manifestations of this pathology and on the need for a correct clinical and diagnostic framework.

[Severe lactic acidosis requiring continuos haemodiafiltration in a young patient with unrecognized metabolic abnormality. Case report].

Background: Lactic acidosis (LA) is the most common form of metabolic acidosis, defined by lactate values greater than 5 mmol/L and pH<7.34. The pathogenesis of LA involves hypoxic causes (type A) and non-hypoxic (type B), often coexisting.

The verapamil versus amlodipine in nondiabetic nephropathies treated with trandolapril (VVANNTT) study.

Background: We tested whether the combination of verapamil (V) or amlodipine (A) with trandolapril (T) affected proteinuria differently from T alone in patients with nondiabetic nephropathies.

Methods: After T, 2 mg, in open conditions for 1 month, 69 patients were randomly assigned to be administered T, 2 mg, combined with V, 180 mg, plus a placebo or T, 2 mg, plus A, 5 mg, once a day in a double-blind fashion. Patients were followed up for 8 months.