Temporomandibular joint disorders during HIV infection: a case report.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a term reflecting chronic, painful, craniofacial conditions usually of unclear etiology with impaired jaw function. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients often report chronic pain and pathologies targeting body joints during retroviral therapy. Although both conditions may share similar secondary disorders, no conclusive cause-effect relationship has been found linking the TMD to the HIV-antiviral treatment.

Spinal interleukin-1beta in a mouse model of arthritis and joint pain.

Objective: Pain from arthritis has been associated with peripheral sensitization of primary sensory afferents and the development of inflammation at the dorsal horns. This study was undertaken to determine whether the role of spinal interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in central processing of pain is important in the development of arthritis.

Methods: Col1-IL-1betaXAT mice and GFAP-IL-1betaXAT mice were injected with the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) (Cre) vector in the right and left temporomandibular joints (TMJs), or in the cisterna magna, respectively, to induce IL-1beta expression in the dorsal horns of the spinal horn.

Amelioration of pain and histopathologic joint abnormalities in the Col1-IL-1beta(XAT) mouse model of arthritis by intraarticular induction of mu-opioid receptor into the temporomandibular joint.

Objective: To evaluate opioid receptor function as a basis for novel antinociceptive therapy in arthritis.

Methods: We induced human mu-opioid receptor (HuMOR) expression in arthritic joints of mice, using the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) vector, which is capable of stably transducing dividing, growth-arrested, and terminally differentiated cells. Male and female Col1-IL-1beta(XAT)-transgenic mice developed on a C57BL/6J background and wild-type littermates were studied.