Histopathology of Recalcitrant Maxillary Sinusitis Necessitating Endoscopic Medial Maxillectomy.

Objectives: Endoscopic medial maxillectomy (EMM) is an effective intervention for patients with recalcitrant maxillary sinusitis after previous middle meatal antrostomy. The pathophysiology of refractory maxillary sinusitis is incompletely understood. We aim to identify trends in structured histopathology (SHP) to better understand how tissue architecture changes contribute to refractory sinusitis and impaired mucociliary clearance.

Histopathology of Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis Versus Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps.

Objective: Structured histopathology (SHP) is a method of analyzing sinonasal tissue to characterize endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) shares several features with certain endotypes of CRSwNP. Our objective was to compare the histopathology of AFRS and eosinophilic CRSwNP to further understand whether they are separate endotypes or disease entities altogether.

Histopathologic features of biologic therapy nonresponders in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis.

Background: Biologics are effective for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) by reducing type 2 inflammation. Nonresponders often require functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and represent a challenging population potentially due to non-type 2 pathophysiology. This study characterizes the histopathologic features of biologic nonresponders.

Histopathological Findings in Hernia Sacs: A Clinical and Pathological Review.

Routine histopathological examination of hernia sac in adults remains a controversial topic. We undertook a retrospective study to assess possible clinical benefits of pathological examination of hernia sac specimens. Our pathology database between 1992 and 2020 was searched for adult specimens submitted as hernia sac.

Histopathological Differences in Adult and Elderly Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Background: Adult and elderly patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) undergo similar therapeutic management. Few studies have undertaken sinonasal tissue-level comparisons of these groups. This study examines histopathological differences between adults (>18, <65 years) and the elderly (≥65 years) with CRS, with the goal of optimizing medical management.

Benign Vascular Lesions of the Breast: A Clinical, Radiographic, and Pathologic Review.

Vascular lesions of the breast are uncommon, however, these are increasingly encountered now due to more frequent use of magnetic resonance imaging. They comprise a spectrum of lesions including benign, atypical, and malignant tumors. The prototype is a hemangioma, which is most often nonpalpable and is detected on routine screening.

Histopathologic Features of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Diabetic Patients.

Objective: To explore how diabetes mellitus impacts chronic rhinosinusitis clinically and on structured histopathology to provide insights on new potential chronic rhinosinusitis endotypes.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary academic center.

Middle ear adenoma: Cytohistologic features and differential diagnosis.

Middle ear adenomas are rare, low grade glandular neoplasms with epithelial and neuroendocrine components and with varying patterns of differentiation. Due to the rarity of this tumor, there is a dearth of publications detailing the cytological features. We herein review our institution's pathological database for cytological material between 1992 and 2022 for MEA specimens and discuss possible differential diagnoses based on clinical, pathological, and cytologic data and material.

Clinicopathologic Review of Metastatic Breast Cancer to the Gynecologic Tract.

Metastatic spread is the single most significant predictor of poor survival in breast cancer. Some of the most common metastatic sites are the bones, lungs, liver, brain, and peritoneal cavity. Clinically metastatic breast cancer to the gynecologic tract is usually asymptomatic and diagnosed as an incidental finding during a histologic examination of gynecologic specimens resected for other reasons.

Prolylcarboxypeptidase promotes IGF1R/HER3 signaling and is a potential target to improve endocrine therapy response in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer.

Prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) is a lysosomal serine protease that cleaves peptide substrates when the penultimate amino acid is proline. Previous studies have linked PRCP to blood-pressure and appetite control through its ability to cleave peptide substrates such as angiotensin II and α-MSH. A potential role for PRCP in cancer has to date not been widely appreciated.

Myeloid Sarcoma: Features in Cytological Preparations and the Utility of Rapid On-Site Evaluation (ROSE) in Triage.

Introduction: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary tumor consisting of blasts of granulocytic, monocytic, erythroid, or megakaryocytic lineage that disrupts the architecture of the involved tissue. MS shows vast clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic heterogeneity posing a diagnostic dilemma, especially in small biopsy specimens such as fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core biopsy. The objective of this study is to highlight the morphologic features of MS in cytological preparations and investigate the efficacy of pathologist-performed rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) in assuring accurate triage.

Fine-needle aspiration of intramammary lymph nodes: a clinical, radiographic, and cytologic review.

Introduction: Recognizing and sampling intramammary lymph nodes (IMLNs) is important in the clinical management of patients with breast carcinomas. We undertook a retrospective study to evaluate the clinical utility of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in assessing IMLNs.

Materials And Methods: Our pathology database was searched for all IMLN FNA cytology cases from January 2005 to December 2021.

Histopathologic differences between adult and pediatric patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Adult and pediatric patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) may have differing philosophies in therapeutic management. Few studies have examined sinonasal tissue-level comparisons of these groups. This study examines histopathologic differences between children and adults with CRS, with the goal of understanding disease pathogenesis and optimizing medical management for both populations.

Cytological features of endolymphatic sac tumors: Case studies with review of literature.

Endolymphatic sac tumors are extremely rare, locally aggressive neoplasms that arise from the endolymphatic sac or duct, primarily in the intraosseous portion. These neoplasms show diverse histomorphological architectures and despite a bland cytologic appearance, can locally recur. Although the clinicopathological and radiological features of this entity are well characterized, the literature on cytological features is extremely sparse.

Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors to Parotid Gland: Where Do They Come From?

. Metastasis to parotid gland occurs mostly from skin cancers of the head and neck region. Metastatic neuroendocrine tumors to the parotid gland are rare and not well studied so far.

Prolyl Carboxypeptidase Maintains Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling and Is a Potential Therapeutic Target in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

TNBC is an aggressive cancer sub-type with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. New therapeutic targets are needed to improve outcomes in TNBC patients. PRCP is a lysosomal serine protease that cleaves peptide substrates when the penultimate amino acid is proline.

Endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ-from Papanicolaou test to hysterectomy: a series of 74 cases.

Introduction: Endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) is not always identified on cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) test cytology because the Pap test has relatively low sensitivity for the diagnosis endocervical glandular lesions. We performed a retrospective study to determine the relative sensitivity of different diagnostic approaches, including Pap tests, cervical biopsy and/or endocervical curettage, loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), and hysterectomy specimens.

Methods: Cases of endocervical AIS diagnosed from August 2005 to January 2019 were retrieved from our institution's pathology databases, and their clinicopathologic features were reviewed.

Defining the Allergic Endotype of Chronic Rhinosinusitis by Structured Histopathology and Clinical Variables.

Background: Atopy has a strong association with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Objective: To understand whether patients with atopy and CRS can be defined by markers of tissue histopathology, systemic biomarkers, and clinical factors, which may guide their response to new pharmacologic agents.

Methods: In a retrospective cohort of CRS patients who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery, a structured histopathology report consisting of 12 variables, comorbid conditions, preoperative total serum IgE levels, and preoperative modified Lund-Kennedy endoscopic and sinonasal outcome test (SNOT-22) scores were compared between atopic CRS (aCRS) and non-aCRS control patients in a multivariable model.

Distinct Histopathologic Features of Complicated Sinusitis.

Background: Sinusitis complicated by intracranial or orbital extension can be life-threatening and require emergent intervention. Histologic features of complicated sinusitis have yet to be determined and may have significant implications for understanding pathophysiology.

Methods: A structured histopathology report was utilized to analyze sinus tissue extracted during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).

Benign Endobronchial Tumors: A Clinicopathologic Review.

Benign endobronchial tumors are rare entities that can be difficult to diagnose because they often present with non-specific symptoms and vague radiographic findings. The current study reviews the clinical, radiologic and pathologic features, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with benign endobronchial tumors. We examined the charts of all patients who presented with biopsy-proven benign endobronchial tumors at a tertiary-care academic medical center between 1993 and 2018.

Association of Air Pollutant Exposure and Sinonasal Histopathology Findings in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Background: Ambient air pollution is well known to cause inflammatory change in respiratory epithelium and is associated with exacerbations of inflammatory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, limited work has been done on the impact of air pollution on pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis and there are no reports in the literature of how pollutant exposure may impact sinonasal histopathology in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Objective: This study aims to identify associations between certain histopathologic characteristics seen in sinus tissue of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and levels of particulate air pollution (PM) and ground-level ozone in their place of residence.

Cytopathologic assessment of gloves and instruments after major head and neck surgery.

Purpose: To investigate the potential for cancer cells to be transferred between anatomic sites via instruments and other materials.

Materials And Methods: Pilot prospective study from April 2018-January 2019 at Rush University Medical Center. Glove and instrument washings were collected from 18 high-risk head and neck cancer resection cases (36 samples total).

Endometrial Sarcoma Metastasis to the Pterygopalatine Fossa: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Metastatic skull base malignancies infrequently occur but, when present, typically arise from breast malignancies. Pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) metastasis of any malignancy is further seldom reported, and metastasis of gynecologic malignancies to the PPF has not been previously described in the literature. We present a single case of a 42-year-old female with the first likely case of high-grade endometrial sarcoma metastatic to the PPF.