New Tricholomalides D-G from the Mushroom Grown in an Italian Beech Wood.

Four novel seconeodolastane diterpenoids, named tricholomalides D-G, were isolated, together with the known tricholomalide C, from the fruiting bodies of Romagn., a species belonging to the large genus of higher mushrooms (, family ). They were isolated through multiple chromatographic separations, and the structures, including the absolute configuration, were established through a detailed analysis of MS, NMR, and CD spectral data and comparison with related compounds reported in the literature, which has been thoroughly revised.

New Tricholidic Acid Triterpenoids from the Mushroom Collected in an Italian Beech Wood.

The secondary metabolites produced by Romagn., a mushroom species belonging to the large genus (Basidiomycota, Tricholomataceae), are unknown. Therefore, encouraged by the interesting results obtained in our previous chemical analyses of a few species collected in Italian woods, we aimed to investigate the secondary metabolites of .

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Myrcianthes fragrans essential oil, a natural aromatizer of the traditional Ecuadorian beverage colada morada.

Ethnobotanical And Ethnomedicinal Relevance: The importance given in Ecuador to the rescue of traditional knowledge and nutritional value of ancestral foods and drinks, has stimulated our investigation of the chemical composition and some biological activities of M. fragrans ('arrayán') essential oil, a natural aromatic additive used in the preparation of the traditional fruit-juice 'colada morada', which is typically drunk in the Day of the Dead or All Soul´s Day.

Material And Methods: Different essential oils of Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.

Ethnobotanical Research at the Kutukú Scientific Station, Morona-Santiago, Ecuador.

This work features the results of an ethnobotanical study on the uses of medicinal plants by the inhabitants of the region near to the Kutukú Scientific Station of Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, located in the Morona-Santiago province, southeast of Ecuador. In the surroundings of the station, one ethnic group, the Shuar, has been identified. The survey hereafter reports a total of 131 plant species, with 73 different therapeutic uses.

Phytochemistry and Ethnopharmacology of Medicinal Plants Used on Safeen Mountain in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

In remote villages of Kurdistan-Iraq, such as in those on Safeen Mountain, decoctions, potions, and oils from the local herbal tradition have provided the only medicinal remedies for centuries, up to today. A variety of diseases are treated with different plant preparations, ranging from simple rheumatism to diarrhea, skin diseases, and highly complicated kidney and heart problems. This survey describes, for the first time, the mostly used medicinal plants, resulting from several interviews with local herbal healers.

Phytochemical and ethnomedicinal study of Huperzia species used in the traditional medicine of Saraguros in Southern Ecuador; AChE and MAO inhibitory activity.

Ethnobotanical And Ethnomedicinal Relevance: This study concerns seven Huperzia species (Lycopodiaceae), namely H. brevifolia, H. columnaris, H.

An Unprecedented High Content of the Bioactive Flavone Tricin in Huperzia Medicinal Species Used by the Saraguro in Ecuador.

The flavone tricin (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyflavone) is considered to be a selective potent inhibitor of different cancer cell lines and a potential colorectal cancer chemopreventive agent. In this paper we describe a reliable UHPLC-UV-ESIMS method for the determination of tricin in Huperzia plants used in the traditional medicine of the Saraguro community living in Southern Ecuador. An unusually high amount of tricin was found in H.

New 3,4-Secocycloartane and 3,4-Secodammarane Triterpenes from the Ecuadorian Plant Coussarea macrophylla.

Coussarea macrophylla (Mart.) Müll.Arg.

Antihepatotoxic and antioxidant activities of methanol extract and isolated compounds from Ficus chlamydocarpa.

Free radicals, in particular radical oxygen species (ROS), play an important role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of various diseases. Current research in many countries focuses on the use of local medicinal plants as a promising source of liver protective agents. This paper describes the hepatoprotective effects of the methanol extract and four isolated compounds from Ficus chlamydocarpa on CCl4-induced liver damage, as well as the possible antioxidant mechanisms involved in this protection.

A new beta-D-glucopyranosyl 2-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oate from the Cameroonian plant Combretum bracteatum.

From the Cameroonian plant Combretum bracteatum (Laws.) Engl. and Diels a new compound, beta-D-glucopyranosyl 3 beta,19 alpha-dihydroxy-2-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oate, was isolated along with three known ursane and oleane triterpenes and two galactopyranosyl lipids.

Determination of the threshold odor concentration of main odorants in essential oils using gas chromatography-olfactometry incremental dilution technique.

An essential oil, obtained by steam distillation of Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts (Lamiaceae), collected in Ecuador, was analyzed by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and GC-MS techniques. To our knowledge, the composition of this essential oil is described here for the first time, both from the chemical and olfactometric viewpoints. A preliminary analysis by GC-MS and using Kovats' retention indexes, lead to characterize and quantify the oil constituents, while GC-O was then applied for the identification of the main odorants.

An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in Loja and Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador.

This paper reports the results of an ethnobotanical survey on the uses of medicinal plants by inhabitants of two southern Ecuadorian provinces, namely, Loja and Zamora-Chinchipe. In this region, two surviving ethnic groups, the Saraguros and the Shuars, and the descendants of a now extinct culture, the Paltas, have been identified. The present study reports a total of 275 plant species, having 68 different therapeutical uses.

Cucurbitane triterpenoids from Leucopaxillus gentianeus.

In addition to the known bioactive triterpene cucurbitacin B (1), two new cucurbitane triterpenoids, namely, leucopaxillones A (3) and B (4), exhibiting a new oxygenation pattern among cucurbitacins, have been isolated from the mushroom Leucopaxillus gentianeus (syn. L. amarus).

4-Alkyl- and 4-phenylcoumarins from Mesua ferrea as promising multidrug resistant antibacterials.

Supercritical CO2 selectively extracted a series of 4-alkyl and 4-phenyl 5,7-dihydroxycoumarins from Mesua ferrea blossoms. Chemical modifications of the isolated compounds allowed us to confirm the structures elucidated by spectroscopic means and to prepare new derivatives amenable to SAR studies and potential pharmaceutical development. Biological investigations towards the screening on a number of bacteria strains and Plasmodium falciparum, identified compounds 1-9 as weak antiprotozoal agents and potent antibacterials on resistant Gram-positive strains.

New anthracene derivatives from Coussarea macrophylla.

Five new naturally occurring anthracene derivatives, 1,4,10-trimethoxyanthracene-2-carbaldehyde (1), (1,4,10-trimethoxy-2-anthracen-2-yl)methanol (2), 1,4,8,10-tetramethoxyanthracene-2-carbaldehyde (3), 1,4,10-trimethoxyanthracene-2-carboxylic acid (4), and 1,3-dimethoxy-2-methoxymethylanthraquinone (5), were isolated from Coussarea macrophylla along with three known compounds, 3-hydroxy-1-methoxy-2-methoxymethylanthraquinone (6), scopoletin, and 3-epi-pomolic acid. The structures of 1-5 were determined on the basis of analysis of their spectroscopic data and by total synthesis.