Arterial thrombosis and intracardiac thrombus as the initial presentation of a recurrent paraganglioma: case report and review of the literature.

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that result in the uncontrolled release of catecholamines and secondary hypertension. They usually manifest with episodic blood pressure fluctuations, headaches and palpitations. In some cases PPGLs may be asymptomatic until they are detected as a diagnostic approach to other diseases.

Effect of pioglitazone on bone mineral density in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A 36-month clinical trial.

Background: The effects of pioglitazone on bone metabolism are unclear. This study evaluated the long-term effects of pioglitazone on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism in patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Methods: Ninety-two patients with prediabetes or T2DM and biopsy-proven NASH with BMD and baseline biochemical bone measurements were included.

Clinical and Histologic Characterization of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in African American Patients.

Objective: There has been a widespread misconception among physicians that African Americans are protected from developing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, a formal histologic and metabolic comparison against well-matched Caucasians has never been performed.

Research Design And Methods: Sixty-seven African American patients were matched 2:1 to Caucasians ( = 134) for age, sex, BMI, hemoglobin A, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Liver Safety of Statins in Prediabetes or T2DM and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Trial.

Context: Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease have a high cardiovascular risk, but statins are rarely prescribed because of fear of hepatotoxicity.

Objective: To prospectively assess the long-term safety of statins in patients with prediabetes/type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Design: Post hoc analysis of statin use during a randomized, controlled trial assessing pioglitazone vs placebo for NASH.

Metabolic and histological implications of intrahepatic triglyceride content in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Unlabelled: The cut-off point of intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content to define nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( H-MRS) was established based on the 95th percentile in a group of healthy individuals (i.e., ≥5.

Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial.

Background: The metabolic defects of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) seem to be specifically targeted by pioglitazone. However, information about its long-term use in this population is limited.

Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of long-term pioglitazone treatment in patients with NASH and prediabetes or T2DM.

Pharmacological management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects one-third of the population and two-thirds of patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Its more aggressive form is known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and is characterized by hepatocyte necrosis, inflammation and often fibrosis. The presence of fibrosis indicates a more aggressive course and may lead to cirrhosis.

Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is believed to be the most common chronic liver disease, affecting at least one-third of the population worldwide. The more aggressive form is known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and characterized by hepatocyte necrosis and inflammation. The presence of fibrosis is not uncommon.

Metabolic Impact of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasingly common in obese patients. However, its metabolic consequences in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are unknown.

Research Design And Methods: We studied 154 obese patients divided in four groups: 1) control (no T2DM or NAFLD), 2) T2DM without NAFLD, 3) T2DM with isolated steatosis, and 4) T2DM with NASH.

Plasma thyroid hormone concentration is associated with hepatic triglyceride content in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The underlying mechanisms responsible for the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are unclear. Since the thyroid hormone regulates mitochondrial function in the liver, we designed this study in order to establish the association between plasma free T4 levels and hepatic triglyceride accumulation and histological severity of liver disease in patients with T2DM and NAFLD. This is a cross-sectional study including a total of 232 patients with T2DM.

Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance, But Not Steatohepatitis, Promote Atherogenic Dyslipidemia in NAFLD.

Context: Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and atherogenic lipoproteins may play an important role.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the contribution of the severity of steatohepatitis to atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with NAFLD.

Design: This was a cross-sectional study.

High Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Normal Plasma Aminotransferase Levels.

Context And Objective: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more severe form with steatohepatitis (NASH) are common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, they are usually believed to largely affect those with elevated aminotransferases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of NAFLD by the gold standard, liver magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) in patients with T2DM and normal aminotransferases, and to characterize their metabolic profile.

High Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Normal Plasma Aminotransferase Levels.

Context And Objective: NAFLD, and its more severe form with steatohepatitis (NASH), are common in patients with T2DM. However, they are usually believed to affect largely those with elevated aminotransferases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of NAFLD (by the gold-standard liver magnetic resonance and spectroscopy or (1)H-MRS) in patients with T2DM and normal aminotransferases, and to characterize their metabolic profile.

Relationship of vitamin D with insulin resistance and disease severity in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Background & Aims: The role of plasma vitamin D deficiency in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH) remains poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested a role for vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH, but they have been rather small, and/or NAFLD was diagnosed using only aminotransferases or liver ultrasound. This study aimed to assess the role of vitamin D deficiency in relationship to liver fat accumulation and severity of NASH.

A validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of pioglitazone, hydroxypioglitazone, and ketopioglitazone in human plasma and its application to a clinical study.

A simple and rapid high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of pioglitazone and its active metabolites hydroxypioglitazone and ketopioglitazone in human plasma. Samples were processed by protein precipitation with acetonitrile and selective phospholipid depletion in a 96-well plate format. The method used deuterated internal standards for each analyte.

The role of liver fat and insulin resistance as determinants of plasma aminotransferase elevation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Unlabelled: Plasma aminotransferases (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) are usually increased in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the factors behind their elevation remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the role of insulin resistance (IR) and liver triglyceride content in relation to histology in patients with NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with normal or elevated ALT levels.