A Tailored Lipid Supplement Restored Membrane Fatty Acid Composition and Ameliorates In Vitro Biological Features of Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells.

Cell culture conditions influence several biological and biochemical features of stem cells (SCs), including the membrane lipid profile, thus limiting the use of SCs for cell therapy approaches. The present study aims to investigate whether the in vitro culture may alter the membrane fatty acid signature of human Amniotic Epithelial Cells (hAECs). The analysis of the membrane fatty acid composition of hAECs cultured in basal medium showed a loss in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in particular in omega-6 (ω-6) content, compared to freshly isolated hAECs.

A Comorbidity Model of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Hypercholesterolemia in Rat Cardiac Myocyte Cultures.

Introduction: The use of comorbidity models is crucial in cardioprotective drug development. Hypercholesterolemia causes endothelial and myocardial dysfunction, as well as aggravates ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial injury. Endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms against I/R are impaired in hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic animal models.

Restoring In Vivo-Like Membrane Lipidomics Promotes Exosome Trophic Behavior from Human Placental Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells.

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are an effective tool in regenerative medicine notably for their intrinsic plentiful paracrine activity rather than differentiating properties. The hMSC secretome includes a wide spectrum of regulatory and trophic factors, encompassing several naked molecules as well as different kinds of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Among EVs, exosomes represent an intriguing population, able to shuttle proteins, transcription factors, and genetic materials, with a relevant role in cell-to-cell communication, modulating biological responses in recipient cells.

Restored in vivo-like membrane lipidomics positively influence in vitro features of cultured mesenchymal stromal/stem cells derived from human placenta.

Background: The study of lipid metabolism in stem cell physiology has recently raised great interest. The role of lipids goes beyond the mere structural involvement in assembling extra- and intra-cellular compartments. Nevertheless, we are still far from understanding the impact of membrane lipidomics in stemness maintenance and differentiation patterns.

Membrane fatty acid heterogeneity of leukocyte classes is altered during in vitro cultivation but can be restored with ad-hoc lipid supplementation.

Background: The cell membrane is a primary and fundamental player in most cellular processes, and fatty acids form a major structural component of cell membranes. The aim of this study was to compare the membrane fatty acid profiles of different human blood leukocytes and selected cell lines, to identify the effects of in vitro culture on fatty acid profiles, and to test medium supplements for their effect on fatty acid profiles.

Methods: Different classes of leukocytes were isolated from human blood and their membrane fatty acid profiles were analysed and compared.

Buccal tablets containing cysteine and chlorhexidine for the reduction of acetaldehyde levels in the oral cavity.

There is growing evidence that a large proportion of upper digestive tract tumors are ascribable to heavy alcohol drinking and tobacco consumption. The cancer-promoting action of ethanol is mediated by acetaldehyde, its first metabolite, also derived from the bacterial oxidation of alcohol by the oral microflora, classified by the International Agency for the Research on Cancer as a carcinogen. Acetaldehyde is also one of the major components of tobacco smoke.

Mouthrinses with alcohol: cytotoxic effects on human gingival fibroblasts in vitro.

Background: Mouthrinses are widely utilized in daily oral and dental hygiene to control plaque. However, most commercially available mouthrinses contain alcohol as an excipient. Most studies have focused on the clinical side effects related to the alcoholic fraction of mouthrinses, overlooking alcohol metabolism in the mouth.

An improved method for beta-galactosidase activity detection on muscle tissue. A light and electron microscopic study.

In the present study we describe a method for the histochemical demonstration of bacterial beta-D-galactosidase activity on skeletal muscle tissue processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. Hence allowing this enzyme to be accurately detected, bacterial beta-galactosidase expression was studied in transgenic mouse where the enzyme, with the nuclear localization signal (nlacZ), is under the transcriptional control of the striated muscle-specific promoter MLC3F. The chromogenic substrate, 5-bromo-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (Bluo-Gal), was used both to recognize labelled myofibers, and beta-gal positive organelles inside single myofibers.

Lymphatic vessels in the oral cavity: different structures for the same function.

A study using a light and transmission electron microscope was performed on some structural characteristics of the lymphatic capillaries in different regions of the human oral cavity. The lymphatic capillaries of dental pulp, masticatory mucosa (gingiva and peri-implant mucosa) and lining mucosa (cheek) were examined. Our attention was focused on the morphologic characteristics of the endothelial wall in the lymphatic capillaries.