Lenvatinib-induced renal failure: two first-time case reports and review of literature.

Lenvatinib (LEN) is a multi-kinase anti-angiogenic drug recently approved in several cancers. LEN is not easily manageable due to its complex safety profile. Proteinuria and renal failure (RF) were reported among the most frequent LEN-induced adverse events (AEs), often leading to discontinuations or dose modifications.

Sildenafil and tadalafil in simulated chlorination conditions: ecotoxicity of drugs and their derivatives.

Chlorination experiments on two drugs (sildenafil and tadalafil) were performed mimicking the conditions of a typical wastewater treatment process. The main transformation products were isolated by chromatographic techniques (Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Column Chromatography (CC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)) and fully characterized employing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) analyses. The environmental effects of the parent compounds and transformation products were evaluated using an overall toxicity approach that considered aquatic acute and chronic toxicity on Brachionus calyciflorus and Ceriodaphnia dubia as well as mutagenesis and genotoxicity on bacterial strains.

Effects of ranitidine and its photoderivatives in the aquatic environment.

This study was designed to assess the overall ecotoxicity of ranitidine, a histamine H(2)-receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid production. Hence, in addition to ranitidine, its main two photoderivatives, obtained by solar simulator irradiation in water, were investigated. The photoproducts were identified by their physical features.

Unusual products of the aqueous chlorination of atenolol.

The reaction of the drug atenolol with hypochlorite under conditions that simulate wastewater disinfection was investigated. The pharmaceutical reacted in 1h yielding three products that were separated by chromatographic techniques and characterized by spectroscopic features. Two unusual products 2-(4-(3-(chloro(2-chloropropan-2-yl)amino)-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl) acetamide and 2-(4-(3-formamido-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl) acetamide were obtained along with 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide.