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In urban areas, environmental exposures to air pollution, extreme temperatures and noise as well as socio-economic inequalities are amplified. Urban green spaces offer dual benefits: they help mitigate climate change and improve public health by fostering connection to nature, reducing noise and air pollution, mitigating the urban heat island effect, and promoting physical activity. Within the 2023 "Cobenefici di Salute ed equità a supporto dei piani di risposta ai cambiamenti climatici in Italia" project funded by the Ministry of Health, we identified health indicators to assess climate action co-benefits, including those on cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity, birth outcomes and mental health.

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Air pollution has no borders. Over 90% of the global population breathes air contaminated daily by pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10), ozone, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), with serious consequences for public health and the environment.

Association between long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of peripheral artery disease: Evidence from a longitudinal study.

Introduction: The association between air pollution and cardiovascular diseases is well established. However, fewer studies focused on the relationship between air pollution and peripheral artery disease (PAD), notwithstanding that not only it is a predictor of CVD mortality but also that incidence is globally rising, particularly in low-middle income countries.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to estimate the association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and the incidence of PAD in the Rome Longitudinal Study (RLS) during 2011-2019.

Temporal change in minimum mortality temperature under changing climate: A multicountry multicommunity observational study spanning 1986-2015.

Background: The minimum mortality temperature (MMT) or MMT percentile (MMTP) is an indicator of population susceptibility to nonoptimum temperatures. MMT and MMTP change over time; however, the changing directions show region-wide heterogeneity. We examined the heterogeneity of temporal changes in MMT and MMTP across multiple communities and in multiple countries.

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The River Sacco Basin (Rsb) is a site of National interest, characterized by several environmental pressures such as industrial facilities. This study investigates the association between long-term exposure to industrial-PM10 and -NOx and cause-specific mortality (non-accidental, cardiovascular, respiratory, and cancer) in the Rsb in the 2006-2018 period. We enrolled 301,681 residents near 14 major industrial plants (grouped into 5 30-km2 spatial domains).

[Climate crisis and mental health.].

Climate change has negative effects on mental health as shown by the World health organization (Who). Heatwaves can exacerbate some mental conditions such as schizophrenia and psychosis, both in the elderly and children as well as in young adults, and increase mortality for neurological and psychiatric diseases. Subjects facing climate events such as heavy rains and flooding may suffer from a psychological problem in the short, medium and long-term.

Temperature-mortality associations by age and cause: a multi-country multi-city study.

Background: Heterogeneity in temperature-mortality relationships across locations may partly result from differences in the demographic structure of populations and their cause-specific vulnerabilities. Here we conduct the largest epidemiological study to date on the association between ambient temperature and mortality by age and cause using data from 532 cities in 33 countries.

Methods: We collected daily temperature and mortality data from each country.

Decreasing trend in thyroid cancer incidence: a study from central Italy (2007-2019).

Purpose: Due to overdiagnosis, the incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has increased in high-income countries, including Italy. Efforts have been made to address this issue since the mid-2010s, but more information is needed about how TC incidence has changed. We aim to examine the trend in TC incidence in the Lazio Region (central Italy) and assess the impact of the 2014 Italian Consensus for the Classification and Reporting of Thyroid Cytology (ICCRTC) to identify potential changes in TC diagnosis.

Investigating socioeconomic disparities in lung cancer diagnosis, treatment and mortality: an Italian cohort study.

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide and patient clinical outcomes seem influenced by their socioeconomic position (SEP). Since little has been investigated on this topic in the Italian context, our aim was to investigate the role of SEP in the care pathway of lung cancer patients in terms of diagnosis, treatment and mortality.

Methods: This observational retrospective cohort study included patients discharged in the Lazio Region with a lung cancer diagnosis between 2014 and 2017.

Corrigendum: Time-Trends in Air Pollution Impact on Health in Italy, 1990-2019: An Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.

[Employment sector and respiratory mortality in Rome and Turin longitudinal metropolitan studies].

Objectives: to assess the association between the occupational sector and respiratory mortality in the metropolitan longitudinal studies of Rome and Turin.

Design: retrospective cohort study.

Setting And Participants: the 2011 census cohorts of residents of Rome and Turin aged 30 years and older who had worked for at least one year in the private sector between 1970s and 2011 was analysed.

[Long-term exposure to air pollution and natural mortality: variations related to the use of different exposure indicators in the cohorts of BIGEPI project].

Objectives: appropriate assessment of exposure to air pollution is crucial for the estimation of adverse effects on human health, both in the short and long term. Within the BIGEPI project, different indicators of long-term exposure to air pollution, in association with mortality by cause, were tested within the Italian longitudinal metropolitan studies (LMS). This allowed an evaluation of differences in effect estimates using the different exposure indicators.

[Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of coronary heart diseases and stroke in the longitudinal metropolitan studies (LMS) network: the BIGEPI project].

Objectives: to assess the potential of using longitudinal metropolitan studies (LMS) to study the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and the incidence of acute coronary events and stroke.

Design: closed cohort.

Setting And Participants: subjects aged >=30 years, who took part in the 2011 census, residents in 5 cities (Turin, Bologna, Rome, Brindisi and Taranto).

[Short-term effects of PM10 on cause-specific mortality and the role of long-term environmental pressures in the industrial areas of Brindisi and Civitavecchia].

Objectives: the health status of people living near industrial plants is often exposed to several environmental risk factors, including air pollution. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between daily PM10 levels and cause-specific mortality in a selection of municipalities near two industrial plants from 2006 to 2015.

Design: a time-series design with Poisson regression adjusted for a predefined set of confounders was used to quantify the association between exposure, calculated as daily PM10 levels extrapolated from machine-learning models using satellite data, and cause-specific mortality.

[Impact of heat and cold on cause -specific mortality in Italy].

Objectives: to estimate the impact of daily exposure to extreme air temperatures (heat and cold) on cause-specific mortality in Italy and to evaluate the differences in the association between urban, suburban and rural municipalities.

Design: time series analyses with two-stage approach were applied: in the first stage, multiple Poisson regression models and distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) were used to define the association between temperature and mortality; in the second one, meta-analytic results were obtained by adopting BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) coefficients at provincial level, which were then used to estimate the Attributable Fractions of cause-specific deaths.

Setting And Participants: cause-specific deaths from 2006to 2015 in Italy have been analysed by region and overall.

Association between air pollution and emergency room admission for eye diseases in Rome, Italy: A time-series analysis.

Eye diseases impose a significant burden on health services due to high case numbers. However, exposure to outdoor air pollution is seldom mentioned as potential harmful factor. We conducted a time-series analysis in Rome, Italy, to estimate the association between daily mean concentration of NO, PM and PM and daily number of emergency room (ER) admissions for a selected cluster of eye diseases from 2006 to 2016.

Two- and three-dimensional indicators of green and grey space exposure and psychiatric conditions and medicine use: A longitudinal study in a large population-based Italian cohort.

Background: Evidence available on the associations between urban greenness and mental health is mainly based on cross-sectional studies and has relied on 2D indicators of greenness. This longitudinal study aimed at investigating the association between 2D and 3D indicators of green and grey spaces and incident mental health-related outcomes in a large population-based cohort.

Methods: Our study used data from 593,894 Italian adults (≥30 years) from the Rome Longitudinal Study.

Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of mental disorders. A large longitudinal cohort study of adults within an urban area.

Background: Recent epidemiological evidence suggests associations between air pollution exposure and major depressive disorders, but the literature is inconsistent for other mental illnesses. We investigated the associations of several air pollutants and road traffic noise with the incidence of different categories of mental disorders in a large population-based cohort.

Methods: We enrolled 1,739,277 individuals 30 + years from the 2011 census in Rome, Italy, and followed them up until 2019.

Cause specific mortality in an Italian pool of asbestos workers cohorts.

Background: Asbestos is a known human carcinogen and is causally associated with malignant mesothelioma, lung, larynx and ovarian cancers.

Methods: Cancer risk was studied among a pool of formerly asbestos-exposed workers in Italy. Fifty-two Italian asbestos cohorts (asbestos-cement, rolling-stock, shipbuilding, and other) were pooled and their mortality follow-up was updated to 2018.