Assessment of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers for Long-Term Use, Formulated with Addition of Natural Ingredients in Comparison to WHO Formulation 1.

During the spread of COVID-19, many laboratories used the "" proposed by the World Health Organization to prepare hand sanitizers. Taking into consideration its ingredients and the prolonged use of hand sanitizers, "" (P1) was compared with two gel formulations (P2 and P3) prepared with the addition of natural emollients and two different viscosity enhancers to define their chemical-physical stability, biocidal efficacy, and in vivo acceptability and tolerability. P1 resulted in the most efficient biocide but was poorly tolerated by the skin and not acceptable in volunteer hedonic evaluation, especially in terms of irritation and drying effect, with an expectable reduction in the compliance.

Persistent left cranial vena cava draining into the left atrium associated with pulmonary stenosis in a French bulldog.

A 5-month-old female French bulldog was evaluated for the presence of a heart murmur. Through clinical and echocardiographic evaluations, a severe Type A pulmonary stenosis was diagnosed. Angiography during right ventricular catheterization for valvuloplasty revealed drainage from a persistent left cranial vena cava (PLCVC) into the left atrium; this was confirmed later by contrast echocardiography.

Quality of postoperative course in children: endoscopic endonasal surgery versus sublabial microsurgery.

Background: The practice of endoscopic endonasal surgery is still limited in children because of the relative rarity of sellar lesions in the paediatric population. However, such an approach is increasingly reported in the literature as an alternative option to standard sublabial microsurgery, and its surgical results are being analysed. No information on the trend of the postoperative course is currently available.