Doxorubicin causes cachexia, sarcopenia, and frailty characteristics in mice.

While chemotherapy treatment can be lifesaving, it also has adverse effects that negatively impact the quality of life. To investigate the effects of doxorubicin chemotherapy on body weight loss, strength and muscle mass loss, and physical function impairments, all key markers of cachexia, sarcopenia, and frailty. Seventeen C57/BL/6 mice were allocated into groups.

Chemotherapy periodization to maximize resistance training adaptations in oncology.

Introduction: Engaging in exercise programs during cancer treatment is challenging due to the several chemotherapy-induced side effects. Using a pre-clinical model that mimics chemotherapy treatment, we investigated if a periodized-within-chemotherapy training strategy can maximize resistance training (RT) adaptations such as increasing muscle mass and strength.

Methods: Swiss mice were randomly allocated into one of the following five groups (n = 14): control (C), resistance training (RT), chemotherapy-treated non-exercised group (Ch), resistance training chemotherapy treated (RTCh), and resistance training periodized-within-chemotherapy (RTPCh).

Creatine Supplementation Potentiates Exercise Protective Effects against Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice.

We tested the hypothesis that creatine supplementation may potentiate exercise's protective effects against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity. Thirty-eight Swiss mice were randomly allocated into five groups: control (C, 7), exercised (Ex, 7), treated with doxorubicin (Dox, 8), treated with doxorubicin and exercised (DoxEx, 8), and treated with doxorubicin, exercised, and supplemented with creatine (DoxExCr, 8). Doxorubicin was administered weekly (i.

Creatine supplementation protects against diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver but exacerbates alcoholic fatty liver.

Aims: This work investigated the effects of creatine supplementation on different pathways related to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease.

Main Methods: To induce alcoholic liver disease, male Swiss mice were divided into three groups: control, ethanol and ethanol supplemented with creatine. To induce non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, mice were divided into three groups: control, high-fat diet and high-fat diet supplemented with creatine.

Resistance Training Attenuates Activation of STAT3 and Muscle Atrophy in Tumor-Bearing Mice.

Purpose: Although the role of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT3) in cachexia due to the association of circulating IL-6 and muscle wasting has been extensively demonstrated, the effect of resistance training on STAT3 in mediating muscle atrophy in tumor-bearing mice is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of resistance exercise training on inflammatory cytokines and oxidative-mediated STAT3 activation and muscle loss prevention in tumor-bearing mice.

Methods: Male Swiss mice were inoculated with Ehrlich tumor cells and exposed or not exposed to resistance exercise protocol of ladder climbing.

Effect of running exercise on titanium dioxide (TiO)-induced chronic arthritis and sarcopenia in mice. A titanium prosthesis loosening injury model study.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate if titanium dioxide (TiO) joint administration is a useful pre-clinical model to study sarcopenia-related chronic arthritis, and if exercise is a useful therapeutic approach against the pathogenesis of TiO-induced arthritis and sarcopenia in mice.

Main Methods: Two experiments were conducted. Firstly, 36 female Swiss mice were randomly divided into a control group (n = 12) and two groups who received intra-articular TiO injections of 0.

Resistance Training's Ability to Prevent Cancer-induced Muscle Atrophy Extends Anabolic Stimulus.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1) activation and catabolic markers in resistance training's (RT) antiatrophy effect during cachexia-induced muscle loss.

Methods: Myofiber atrophy was induced by injecting Walker 256 tumor cells into rats exposed or not exposed to the RT protocol of ladder climbing. The role of RT-induced anabolic stimulation was investigated in tumor-bearing rats with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin, and cross-sectional areas of skeletal muscle were evaluated to identify atrophy or hypertrophy.

Resources for assessing parents' vaccine hesitancy: a systematic review of the literature.

The concept of Vaccine Hesitancy has begun to appear in the scientific landscape, referring to the reluctance of a growing proportion of people to accept the vaccination offer. A variety of factors were identified as being associated with vaccine hesitancy but there was no universal algorithm and currently there aren't any established metrics to assess either the presence or impact of vaccine hesitancy. The aim of this study was to systematically review the published questionnaires evaluating parental vaccine hesitancy, to highlight the differences among these surveys and offer a general overview on this matter.

Mild-cold water swimming does not exacerbate white adipose tissue browning and brown adipose tissue activation in mice.

The present study investigated the effects of swimming physical training either thermoneutral or below thermoneutral water temperature on white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissue metabolism, morphology, and function. C57BL/6J male mice (n = 40; weight 25.3 ± 0.

Creatine supplementation does not promote tumor growth or enhance tumor aggressiveness in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effect of creatine (Cr) supplementation on tumor microenvironment, evaluating the parameters of tumor aggressiveness.

Methods: Sixteen male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 8/group): Tumor-bearing (T) and tumor-bearing supplemented with Cr (TCr). Cr supplementation was provided in drinking water for a total of 21 d.

Healthcare Students' Flu Vaccine Uptake in the Last 5 Years and Future Vaccination Acceptance: Is There a Possible Association?

Background: Despite the free-of-charge offer of influenza vaccines to at-risk subgroups, vaccine coverage remains low and far from the target, probably due to the false myths and misperceptions. We aimed to explore the healthcare students' vaccination behavior and beliefs to find any association between vaccination uptake during the last 5 years and future vaccination acceptance.

Study Design: A multicentre cross-sectional study.

Moderate vs high-load resistance training on muscular adaptations in rats.

Aims: The main aim of this study was to investigate the moderate versus high-load resistance training on muscle strength, hypertrophy and protein synthesis signaling in rats.

Methods: Twenty rats were randomly allocated into three groups as follow: control group (C, n = 6), high-load training (HL, n = 7) and moderate-load training (ML, n = 7). A ladder climb exercise was used to mimic resistance exercise.

Resistance Exercise Counteracts Tumor Growth in Two Carcinoma Rodent Models.

Purpose: Although resistance exercise (RE) is now recognized as an adjuvant in cancer treatment because of its capacity to prevent muscle wasting, weakness, and cachexia, it is unknown whether RE can mitigate tumor development. Two solid adenocarcinoma models (Walker-256 and Ehrlich) were used to investigate the effects of RE on tumor cell proliferation, growth, and aggressiveness parameters in tumor-bearing animals' life span.

Methods: Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats and Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice were subjected to RE, which consisted of climbing a ladder apparatus with loads tied to their tails.

Creatine supplementation in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats prevents skeletal muscle atrophy by attenuating systemic inflammation and protein degradation signaling.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of creatine supplementation on muscle wasting in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats.

Methods: Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 10/group): control (C), tumor bearing (T), and tumor bearing supplemented with creatine (TCr). Creatine was provided in drinking water for a total of 21 days.

Acute exercise alters homocysteine plasma concentration in an intensity-dependent manner due increased methyl flux in liver of rats.

Purpose: We aimed to determine the effects of different intensities of acute exercise on Hcy plasma levels, and the exercise-induced changes in Hcy liver metabolism.

Method: First, thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly submitted to an acute bout of swimming exercise carrying a load of 2% (n=8), 4% (n=8) and 6% (n=8) of their total body weight attached in their tail. Control rats remained rested (n=8).

Syngeneic B16F10 Melanoma Causes Cachexia and Impaired Skeletal Muscle Strength and Locomotor Activity in Mice.

Muscle wasting has been emerging as one of the principal components of cancer cachexia, leading to progressive impairment of work capacity. Despite early stages melanomas rarely promotes weight loss, the appearance of metastatic and/or solid tumor melanoma can leads to cachexia development. Here, we investigated the B16F10 tumor-induced cachexia and its contribution to muscle strength and locomotor-like activity impairment.

Infant immunization coverage in Italy (2000-2016).

Background: In Italy, national-level immunization polices are included in the National Immunization Prevention Plan (PNPV), whose latest edition - 2017-2019 PNPV - was finally approved in February 2017. Coverage rates are a key measure of immunization system performance; it can inform and support national and regional polices' implementation monitoring, as well as measure the impact of interventions aimed at increasing vaccine uptake.

Methods: We collected, analysed and critically interpreted 2000-2016 Italian national infant immunization coverage trends, by different vaccine, target population, and by Region.

Assessing the impact of defining a global priority research agenda to address HIV-associated tuberculosis.

Objectives: In 2010, the WHO issued 77 priority research questions (PRQs) to address HIV-associated TB. Objective of the this study was to assess the impact of defining the research agenda in stimulating and directing research around priority research questions.

Methods: We used number and type of scientific publications as a proxy to quantitatively assess the impact of research agenda setting.

Flu vaccination in elite athletes: A survey among Serie A soccer teams.

Scant data is available on immunization policies and practices among professional athletes. Following up on a recent review on the topic, we conducted a survey among Italian Serie A soccer teams during the influenza season 2015-16, to explore vaccination practices and attitudes as well as influenza vaccine uptake. The survey covered a sample of over 600 professional athletes from 20 teams and was carried out in collaboration with the Italian Association of Physicians of Professional Football Teams (L.

Creatine supplementation prevents hyperhomocysteinemia, oxidative stress and cancer-induced cachexia progression in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats.

The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) the impact of tumor growth on homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism, liver oxidative stress and cancer cachexia and, (2) the potential benefits of creatine supplementation in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats. Three experiments were conducted. First, rats were killed on days 5 (D5), 10 (D10) and 14 (D14) after tumor implantation.

Influenza and immunization: a quantitative study of media coverage in the season of the «Fluad case».

Background: Seasonal influenza generates serious health and economic losses. In the last influenza season, the report of three deaths originally blamed on the Fluad vaccine drew widespread attention from the media and is likely to have had a major negative impact on vaccine uptake.

Objective: We quantitatively analyzed media coverage on influenza and immunization-related topics on all published issues of the Italian newspaper ranking first in circulation, over one year.