Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) science: The hidden circumgalactic medium.

Our knowledge of galaxy formation and evolution has incredibly progressed through multi-wavelength observational constraints of the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies at all cosmic epochs. However, little is known about the physical properties of the more diffuse and lower surface brightness reservoir of gas and dust that extends beyond ISM scales and fills dark matter haloes of galaxies up to their virial radii, the circumgalactic medium (CGM). New theoretical studies increasingly stress the relevance of the latter for understanding the feedback and feeding mechanisms that shape galaxies across cosmic times, whose cumulative effects leave clear imprints into the CGM.

Targeting hepatocarcinogenesis model in C56BL6 mice with pan-aurora kinase inhibitor Danusertib.

: To elucidate the expression of Aurora kinases (AURK) and the anticancer effects of pan-aurora kinase inhibitor Danusertib in hepatocarcinogenesis model in C56Bl6 mice. : Thirty mice C56Bl6 were randomly divided into Group A or control, Group B animals who underwent experimental hepatocarcinogenesis with diethylnitrosamine (DEN), and Group C animals with DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenenesis that treated with pan-aurora kinase inhibitor Danusertib. Primary antibodies for immunochistochemistry (IHC) included rabbit antibodies against Ki-67, DKK1, INCENP, cleaved caspase-3, NF-κB p65, c-Jun, β-catenin.

Effects of Wnt-1 blockade in DEN-induced hepatocellular adenomas of mice.

Recent evidence has suggested that downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may contribute to the development and growth of HCC. Consequently, elements of this pathway have begun to emerge as potential targets for improving outcomes of anti-HCC. Thus, the present study sought to examine the effects of Wnt-1 blockade using the classical diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced chemical carcinogenesis mouse model of HCC.

The impact of expanded indications on short-term outcomes for resection of malignant tumours of the liver over a 30 year period.

Background: There are two philosophical approaches to planning liver resection for malignancy: one strives towards zero postoperative mortality by stringent selection of candidates, thus inherently limiting patients selected; the other, accepts a low yet definite postoperative mortality rate, and offers surgery to all those with potential gain in survival. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyse an alternative and evolving strategy, and its impact on short-term outcomes.

Method: 3118 consecutive hepatectomies performed in 2627 patients over 3 decades (1980-2011) were analysed.

Living or Brain-dead Donor Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicenter, Western, Intent-to-treat Cohort Study.

Objective: An intent-to-treat analysis of overall survival (ITT-OS) of cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) listed for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) or brain-dead donor liver transplantation (BDLT) across 5 French liver transplant (LT) centers.

Background: Comparisons of HCC outcomes after LDLT and BDLT measured from time of transplantation have yielded conflicting results.

Methods: Records from 861 cirrhotic patients with HCC consecutively listed for either LDLT (n = 79) or BDLT (n = 782) from 2000 to 2009 were analyzed for ITT-OS using a Cox model; and tumor recurrence using 2 competitive risk models.

Complex Liver Resection Using Standard Total Vascular Exclusion, Venovenous Bypass, and In Situ Hypothermic Portal Perfusion: An Audit of 77 Consecutive Cases.

Objective: To identify independent predictors of 90-day mortality after liver resection for patients undergoing standard total vascular exclusion (TVE) with hypothermic portal perfusion and venovenous bypass. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate the long-term outcomes.

Background: Tumors invading the vena cava and/or the hepatocaval confluence are indications for standard TVE.

Portal vein arterialization: a salvage procedure for a totally de-arterialized liver. The Paul Brousse Hospital experience.

Background: Portal vein arterialization (PVA) has been used as a salvage inflow technique when hepatic artery (HA) reconstruction is deemed impossible in liver transplantation (LT) or hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery. Outcomes and the management of possible complications have not been well described.

Methods: The present study analysed outcomes in 16 patients who underwent PVA during the period from February 2005 to January 2011 for HA thrombosis post-LT (n = 7) or after liver resection (n = 1), during curative resection for locally advanced HPB cancers (requiring HA interruption) (n = 7) and for HA resection without reconstruction (n = 1).

Caval inflow to the graft for liver transplantation in patients with diffuse portal vein thrombosis: a 12-year experience.

Objective: To analyze the short- and long-term results of cavoportal anastomosis (CPA) and renoportal anastomosis (RPA) in 20 consecutive liver transplantation (LT) candidates with diffuse portal vein thrombosis (PVT).

Summary Background Data: Caval inflow to the graft (CIG) by CPA or RPA has been the most commonly used salvage technique to overcome the absolute contraindication for LT in case of diffuse PVT.

Methods: From 1996 to 2009, 3 patients (15%) underwent CPA and 17 patients (85%) had an RPA during LT.

Short- and long-term results of extended left hepatectomy for colorectal metastases.

Background: An extended left hepatectomy is a complex hepatic resection often performed for large tumours in close relationship to major hilar structures. Operative outcomes of this resection for colorectal liver metastases (CLM) remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess short- and long-term outcome for patients with CLM after an extended left hepatectomy.

Intention-to-treat analysis of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: living versus deceased donor transplantation.

Unlabelled: For patients who have cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) reduces waiting time and dropout rates. We performed a comparative intention-to-treat analysis of recurrence rates and survival outcomes after LDLT and deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) in HCC patients. Our study included 183 consecutive patients with HCC who were listed for liver transplantation over a 9-year period at our institution.

Impact of expanding criteria for resectability of colorectal metastases on short- and long-term outcomes after hepatic resection.

Background: An expansion of resectability criteria of colorectal liver metastases (CLM) is justified provided "acceptable" short-term and long-term outcomes. The aim of the present study was to ascertain this paradigm in an era of modern liver surgery.

Methods: All consecutive patients who underwent hepatic resection for CLM at our institute between 1990 and 2010 were included in the study.

Ischaemic preconditioning of the graft in adult living related right lobe liver transplantation: impact on ischaemia-reperfusion injury and clinical relevance.

Background: Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) of the right liver graft in the donor has not been studied in adult-to-adult living related liver transplantation (LRLT).

Objective: To assess the IPC effect of the graft on ischaemia reperfusion injury in the recipient and compare recipient and donor outcomes with and without preconditioned grafts.

Patients And Methods: Alternate patients were transplanted with right lobe grafts that were (n = 22; Group (Precond)) or were not (n = 22; Group (Control)) subjected to IPC in the living donor.

Long-term outcomes after hepatic resection for colorectal metastases in young patients.

Background: Long-term outcomes after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases in relatively young patients are still unknown. The aim of the current study was to evaluate long-term outcomes in patients < or = 40 years old, and to compare them with patients >40 years old.

Methods: All consecutive patients who underwent hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases at the authors' hospital between 1990 and 2006 were included in the study.

Combined liver resection and reconstruction of the supra-renal vena cava: the Paul Brousse experience.

Background: Liver tumors with inferior vena cava (IVC) involvement may require combined resection of the liver and IVC. This approach, with its high surgical risks and poor long-term prognosis, was precluded until the development of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, portal vein embolization, reinforced vascular prostheses, and technical advances in liver transplantation.

Methods: We reviewed 22 cases of hepatectomy with retrohepatic IVC resection and reconstruction.

Ischemic preconditioning for major liver resection under vascular exclusion of the liver preserving the caval flow: a randomized prospective study.

Background: Two randomized prospective studies suggested that ischemic preconditioning (IP) protects the human liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury after hepatectomy performed under continuous clamping of the portal triad. The primary goal of this study was to determine whether IP protects the human liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury after hepatectomy under continuous vascular exclusion with preservation of the caval flow.

Study Design: Sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups: with (n=30; preconditioning group) and without (n=30; control group) IP (10 minutes of portal triad clamping and 10 minutes of reperfusion) before major hepatectomy under vascular exclusion of the liver preserving the caval flow.

Effects of 10 minutes of ischemic preconditioning of the cadaveric liver on the graft's preservation and function: the ying and the yang.

Summary Background Data: Although extensively studied in animal models, ischemic preconditioning has not yet been studied in clinical transplantation.

Objective: To compare the results of cadaveric liver transplantation with and without ischemic liver preconditioning in the donor.

Patients And Methods: Alternate patients were transplanted with liver grafts that had (n = 46, GroupPrecond) or had not (n = 45, GroupControl) been subjected to ischemic preconditioning.

In situ hypothermic perfusion of the liver versus standard total vascular exclusion for complex liver resection.

Summary Background Data: We compare the results of liver resection performed under in situ hypothermic perfusion versus standard total vascular exclusion (TVE) of the liver <60 minutes and > or =60 minutes in terms of liver tolerance, liver and renal functions, postoperative morbidity, and mortality. The safe duration of TVE is still debated. Promising results have been reported following TVE associated with hypothermic perfusion of the liver with durations of up to several hours.