The relationship between multiple clinicopathological features and nerve invasion in pancreatic cancer.

Background: Nerve invasion is a specific type of tumor expansion and characteristic manifestation of pancreatic cancer (PC), with an incidence rate ranging from 50% to 100%. It is an important prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer, and its early detection is helpful in the management of the disease. This study was undertaken to analyze retrospectively the relationship between neural invasion and multiple clinicopathological features and to provide evidences for clinicians in the management of neural invasion in patients with PC.

Expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor and tumor necrosis factor-α is correlated in bladder tumor and is related to tumor angiogenesis.

Objective: Angiogenesis is a pivotal process on which solid tumor growth is substantially dependent. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is the most potent natural anti-angiogenic factor, which has seldom been studied in bladder tumor, and whose functioning pathway remains unclear. We have thus investigated PEDF expression in relation to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and microvessel density (MVD) with immunohistochemistry.

Pigment epithelium-derived factor expression is down-regulated in bladder tumors and correlates with vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9.

Growth of solid tumor depends on angiogenesis, a process regulated by the balance of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. We investigated the expression of anti-angiogenic factor pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and proangiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) with immunohistochemistry in 64 bladder tumor samples and 23 normal controls. Compared with normal urothelium, we identified decreased PEDF expression (P = 0.