Comparative In vitro antibacterial activity of nemonoxacin and other fluoroquinolones in correlation with resistant mechanisms in contemporary methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus blood isolates in Taiwan.

Background: Nemonoxacin is a new quinolone with an antibacterial efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Certain sequence types (STs) have been emerging in Taiwan, including fluoroquinolone-resistant ST8/USA300. It's an urgent need to determine nemonoxacin susceptibility against ST8/USA300 and other emerging lineages, if any.

Utility of F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Evaluating Disseminated Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection in Patients With Anti-interferon-γ Autoantibodies.

Background: Managing disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection in patients with neutralizing anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies (AIGAs) poses substantial challenges due to the lack of established treatment guidance and predictive tools for clinical outcomes. In this study, we investigated the utility of F-fluorodeoxyglucose (2-[F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in guiding treatment decisions, with a focus on its ability to predict rehospitalization outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a post hoc analysis of the first available 2-[F]FDG PET scans of patients with AIGAs and disseminated NTM infection from a prospective observational multicenter cohort.

Emerging infections in Taiwan: clinical and environmental surveillance.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of clinical and environmental isolates in Taiwan.

Methods: isolates obtained from patients at three hospitals and from 530 soil samples across Taiwan were screened. , confirmed by calmodulin sequencing, was subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing and analyses.

Implication of genotypes for prognosis of Candida glabrata bloodstream infections.

Background: Genotyping isolates of a specific pathogen may demonstrate unique patterns of antimicrobial resistance, virulence or outcomes. However, evidence for genotype-outcome association in Candida glabrata is scarce. We aimed to characterize the mycological and clinical relevance of genotypes on C.

Investigating the Influence of Temperature and Supplementation Timing on Antifungal Efficacy in Storage Medium for Corneal Transplantation.

Introduction: Although antifungal supplementation reduces the fungal load in the corneal storage medium, consensus is lacking on the influence of dosing and temperature. The study aims to evaluate the impact of eye bank warming protocol and timing of antifungal supplements on efficacy in Optisol-GS and tissue.

Methods: Corneoscleral rims contaminated with Candida albicans (C.

Clinical manifestations and risk factors for COVID-19 and its severity in patients with hematological malignancies.

Background: Patients with hematological malignancies (HM) were at a high risk of developing severe disease from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to assess the clinical outcome of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients with HM.

Methods: Adult patients with HM who were hospitalized with a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 between May, 2021 and November, 2022 were retrospectively identified.

Effect of early dexamethasone on outcomes of COVID-19: A quasi-experimental study using propensity score matching.

Background: The RECOVERY trial demonstrated that the use of dexamethasone is associated with a 36% lower 28-day mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 on invasive mechanical ventilation. Nevertheless, the optimal timing to start dexamethasone remains uncertain.

Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study at National Taiwan University Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan) using propensity score matching to simulate a randomized controlled trial to receive or not to receive early dexamethasone (6 mg/day) during the first 7 days following the onset of symptoms.

activity of cefiderocol and comparator antibiotics against multidrug-resistant non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli.

Background: This study evaluated the activity of cefiderocol, ceftazidime/avibactam, and aztreonam/avibactam against clinically important multidrug-resistant non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli.

Methods: Bacteraemic isolates of 126 multidrug-resistant (MDRAB), 110 imipenem-resistant [including 14 difficult-to-treat resistant (DTRPA)], 45 beta-lactam-non-susceptible complex (BCC), 47 levofloxacin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-non-susceptible and 22 ciprofloxacin-non-susceptible spp. collected between 2019 and 2021 were subjected to MIC determination for cefiderocol, ceftazidime/avibactam and aztreonam/avibactam.

Antiviral therapy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has reached a turning point. The non-pharmaceutical interventions for preventing COVID-19 are lifting. Vaccination uptake is increasing in general, but this strategy is continuously challenged by the rapid evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Activities and Inoculum Effects of Cefiderocol and Aztreonam-Avibactam against Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing .

Cefiderocol and aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) both had activity against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, including those that produce metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). We compared the activities and inoculum effects of these antibiotics against carbapenemase-producing (CPE), especially MBL-producing isolates. The MICs of cefiderocol and ATM-AVI were determined using broth microdilution method for a 2016 to 2021 collection of isolates which produced MBL, KPC, or OXA-48-like carbapenemases.

Factors associated with viral rebound among COVID-19 patients receiving oral antivirals.

Background: COVID-19 rebound is usually reported among patients experiencing concurrent symptomatic and viral rebound. But longitudinal viral RT-PCR results from early stage to rebound of COVID-19 was less characterized. Further, identifying the factors associated with viral rebound after nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (NMV/r) and molnupiravir may expand understanding of COVID-19 rebound.

Recommendations and guidelines for the treatment of infections due to multidrug resistant organisms.

Antimicrobial drug resistance is one of the major threats to global health. It has made common infections increasingly difficult or impossible to treat, and leads to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays and increased mortality. Infection rates due to multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) are increasing globally.

Comparisons of the clinical and mycological characteristics of pediatric candidemia.

Background/purpose: Invasive candidiasis is a severe infectious disease that could lead to mortality in critically ill children.

Methods: We collected data regarding demographics, underlying diseases, predisposing factors, outcomes for pediatric patients with candidemia at a medical centre in Taiwan from 2011 to 2017.

Results: Fifty-eight patients with 60 candidemia episodes were diagnosed.

Comparison of Bleeding Risk Between Colistin-Tigecycline and Colistin-Carbapenem Treatment Regimens: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Antibiotic combination is commonly used to treat multidrug-resistant pathogens. Reports have indicated that tigecycline use is associated with hypofibrinogenemia. However, whether the bleeding risk of tigecycline is higher than that of other antibiotics remains unknown.

Correction: Chen et al. Mechanisms of Azole Resistance and Trailing in Bloodstream Isolates. 2021, , 612.

Because the geometric means of fluconazole and voriconazole in some isolates were not correctly input into the low trailing or high trailing WT group during the visualization process when using GraphPad Prism [...

Sequence type 8 as an emerging clone of methicillin-resistant causing bloodstream infections in Taiwan.

Sequence type (ST) 8 has not been a common methicillin-resistant (MRSA) clone in Asia until recently. We aimed to determine the clinical significance and microbiological characteristics of MRSA bacteraemia (MRSAB) caused by ST8 and other endemic clones. A total of 281 non-duplicated MRSAB were identified in a medical centre between 2016 and 2018.

Mechanisms of Azole Resistance and Trailing in Bloodstream Isolates.

Objectives: Azole-resistant has emerged in Asia in the context of its trailing nature, defined by residual growth above minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). However, limited investigations in have focused on the difference of genotypes and molecular mechanisms between these two traits.

Methods: Sixty-four non-duplicated bloodstream isolates collected in 2017 were evaluated for azole MICs by the EUCAST E.

Increasing New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-positive Escherichia coli among carbapenem non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae in Taiwan during 2016 to 2018.

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) had been reported to be the predominant carbapenemase among Escherichia coli in Taiwan. However, studies focusing on the clonal background and epidemiology of plasmids carrying NDM genes were limited. Between 2016 and 2018, all clinical E.

Prevalence of fosfomycin resistance and gene mutations in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Background: Fosfomycin exhibits excellent in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Increasing fosfomycin resistance among clinical MRSA isolates was reported previously, but little is known about the relative abundance of Fosfomycin resistance genes in MRSA isolates circulating in Taiwan.

Methods: All MRSA isolates, collected in 2002 and 2012 by the Taiwan Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (TSAR) program, were used in this study.

Predictors for vancomycin resistant transforming from colonization to infection: a case control study.

Background: Little is known about risk factors for subsequent infections among vancomycin resistant (VREfm) colonizers, especially characterized by concordant pulsotypes (CP) of paired colonization and infection-related isolates.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted at a teaching hospital between 2011 and 2014. Targeted patients received active surveillance culture for VREfm by anal swabs at admission.

Clonality of Fluconazole-Nonsusceptible Candida tropicalis in Bloodstream Infections, Taiwan, 2011-2017.

Candida tropicalis is the leading cause of non-C. albicans candidemia in tropical Asia and Latin America. We evaluated isolates from 344 patients with an initial episode of C.

Fungal Diseases in Taiwan-National Insurance Data and Estimation.

The burden of fungal diseases based on the real-world national data is limited. This study aimed to estimate the Taiwan incident cases with selected fungal diseases in 2013 using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) which covered 99.6% of the 23.

A study on combination of daptomycin with selected antimicrobial agents: in vitro synergistic effect of MIC value of 1 mg/L against MRSA strains.

Background: Daptomycin is an important drug used in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. A high dose of daptomycin is indicated for an MRSA infection with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 mg/L for daptomycin. Combination therapies with daptomycin and other antimicrobial agents, including fosfomycin, display in vitro synergism potentially.