Tension-compression asymmetry of gradient nanograined high-entropy alloys.

This study investigates the mechanical responses and deformation mechanisms of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) with varying grain size gradients through molecular dynamics simulations, and explores the tension-compression asymmetry of gradient nanograined high-entropy alloy (G-HEA) under different loading conditions. In the early stage of plastic deformation, the normal stress and shear strain of G-HEA both exhibit gradient distribution characteristics under compression and tension. However, as the engineering strain increased, these gradient distribution characteristics gradually diminished and ultimately disappeared.

Process optimizations for the synthesis of an intermediate of dydrogesterone.

Dydrogesterone (DG) is a potent progesterone drug that can be used to treat almost all progesterone-deficiency in women. However, there are few reports on DG process studies, and the by-products are unclear, which make the process optimization challenging. In this paper, we report the process optimization studies for the synthesis of 9α,10β-pregest-5,7-diene-3,20-diethylene glycol ketone (1), an intermediate of DG.

Au supported on γ-AlOOH and γ-AlO for low temperature oxidation of CO and aromatic alcohols.

0.5%Au supported on γ-AlOOH and γ-AlO was used for low temperature oxidation of CO and aromatic alcohols. Various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, N adsorption, FT-IR spectroscopy, XPS, TEM, CO-TPD and solid-state MAS NMR, were employed to characterize these catalysts.

Effect of a polymeric compound layer on jetting dynamics produced by bursting bubbles.

Jetting dynamics from bursting bubbles play a key role in mediating mass and momentum transport across the air-liquid interface, and have attracted widespread interest from researchers across disciplines. In marine environments, this phenomenon has drawn considerable attention due to its role in releasing biochemical contaminants, such as extracellular polymeric substances, into the atmosphere through aerosol production. These biocontaminants often exhibit non-Newtonian characteristics, yet the physics of bubble bursting with a rheologically complex layer at the bubble-liquid interface remains largely unexplored.

Enhancing HER performance nitrogen defects: a comparative DFT study of Fe and Ru single-atom catalysts on graphene.

Exploring high-performance catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is essential for the development of clean hydrogen energy. Single atom catalysts (SACs) have garnered significant attention due to their maximum atomic efficiency, high catalytic performance and excellent selectivity. In this work, we systematically investigated the HER activity of Ru and Fe SACs on nitrogen-doped graphene using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Divergent response associates with the differential amplitudes of immunity against by different blast resistance genes.

Rice blast disease, caused by , poses the most devastating threat to global rice production. The products of most blast resistance () genes specifically recognize corresponding a virulence effectors from the pathogen, thereby mediating robust immune responses that are crucial for disease resistance. However, it is unclear why different genes endow with differential amplitudes of immunity against .

Assessment of metal residues in soil and evaluate the plant accumulation in copper mine tailings of Dongchuan, Southwest China.

Introduction: This study aimed to identify suitable plants for remediating metal pollution in copper tailing soil and supporting ecological reclamation in Dongchuan, Yunnan, focusing on three major mining regions: Tangdan, Yinmin, and Lanniping.

Methods: The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index was employed to evaluate the metal contamination levels, and the enrichment and transfer capacities of the dominant plants for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were analyzed to identify remediation candidates.

Results: The findings revealed severe pollution in the copper tailing soil, with Cu as the primary pollutant, and with a pollution rate of 77.

Applying machine learning to predict bowel preparation adequacy in elderly patients for colonoscopy: development and validation of a web-based prediction tool.

Background: Adequate bowel preparation is crucial for effective colonoscopy, especially in elderly patients who face a high risk of inadequate preparation. This study develops and validates a machine learning model to predict bowel preparation adequacy in elderly patients before colonoscopy.

Methods: The study adhered to the TRIPOD AI guidelines.

Synergistic Catalysts with Fe Single Atoms and Fe3C Clusters for Accelerated Oxygen Adsorption Kinetics in Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

The design of cost-effective and efficient catalysts based on transition metal-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial yet challenging for energy-conversion devices like metal-air batteries. In this work, we present a cost-effective strategy for preparing catalysts consisting of single-atomic Fe sites and Fe3C clusters encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon layers (FeSA-Fe3C/NC). The FeSA-Fe3C/NC electrocatalyst demonstrates outstanding ORR performance in alkaline electrolytes, achieving a high half-wave potential (E1/2 = 0.

HDAC11 in ovarian granulosa cells coordinates LH in the maturation of oocytes in Tan sheep.

Oocyte maturation plays an important role in supporting mammalian reproduction. Histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11), the only member of the class IV histone deacetylase family and the smallest histone deacetylases (HDACs), has been shown to regulate oocyte maturation in mice and pigs. However, the epigenetic effects of HDACs in follicular granulosa cells in response to LH induction remain elusive in sheep.

knockdown enhances RSL3-induced ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells and increases the sensitivity to gemcitabine.

Ferroptosis is a type of programmed death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, and targeting ferroptosis has been shown to efficiently kill highly aggressive cancer cells. Previously, we confirmed that nuclear receptors regulate ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer. However, whether nuclear receptor co-activators regulate ferroptosis is unclear.

Hydrolytic, Thermal, and Electrochemical Stability of Thiol- and Terminal Alkyne-Based Monolayers on Gold: A Comparative Study.

The terminal alkyne-Au interaction is emerging as a promising adsorbing bonding motif for organic monolayers, allowing it to be used for installing antifouling layers and/or recognition elements on gold surfaces for biosensing applications. In contrast to the well-known thiol-on-gold monolayers, the long-term hydrolytic, thermal, and electrochemical stability of the alkyne-Au bond remains relatively unexplored. Insight into these is, however, essential to deliver on the promise of the alkyne-Au bond for (bio)sensing applications, and to see under which conditions they might replace thiolate-gold bonds, if the latter are insufficiently stable due to, e.

Aged Biodegradable Nanoplastics Enhance Body Accumulation Associated with Worse Neuronal Damage in .

The environmental and health challenges posed by petroleum-based biodegradable plastics, such as polybutylene succinate (PBS) and polybutyleneadipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT), are a significant concern because they are increasingly present in the environment and contribute a substantial proportion of microplastics (MPs) or nanoplastics (NPs). In this study, ultraviolet (UV)-aged PBS-NPs and PBAT-NPs are found to have a higher propensity to accumulate within the body of () by prolonging the defecation interval, which could induce severe neuronal damage compared to pristine NPs. The increased accumulation of biodegradable nanoplastics (BNPs) and subsequent impairments of neurobehavior are highly attributed to their reduced particle size and altered surface properties, including changed chemical bonds and functional groups after photoaging.

Nanoscale Spatially Resolved Terahertz Response of a PbS-Graphene Heterostructure.

Heterostructures have promising applications in photonics and optoelectronics, mainly due to their high electron mobility and broadband photoresponse covering visible, infrared, and terahertz (THz) ranges. However, it is challenging to detect heterostructures in high definition with conventional THz techniques. Here we demonstrate a THz nanoscopic imaging method which is capable of resolving the local THz response of PbS-graphene heterostructures based upon a sophisticated THz near-field optical microscope.

[Research progress on the impact and mechanism of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) components in atherosclerosis].

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a prevalent clinical vascular condition and serves as a pivotal pathological foundation for cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the pathogenesis of AS has significant clinical and societal implications, aiding in the development of targeted drugs. Neutrophils, the most abundant leukocytes in circulation, assume a central role during inflammatory responses and closely interact with AS, which is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease.

[The regulation and mechanism of apolipoprotein A5 on myocardial lipid deposition].

The current study aimed to clarify the roles of apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) and milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (Mfge8) in regulating myocardial lipid deposition and the regulatory relationship between them. The serum levels of ApoA5 and Mfge8 in obese and healthy people were compared, and the obesity mouse model induced by the high-fat diet (HFD) was established. In addition, primary cardiomyocytes were purified and identified from the hearts of suckling mice.

[The historical evolution of Chinese physiology textbooks].

This article systematically reviews the characteristics and trends of the writing, editing, publication and promotion of physiology textbooks in China from the late 19th century to the present, focusing on the introduction, development and innovation of Chinese physiology textbooks. The development of physiology textbooks in China is divided into four main stages: the introduction and initial development of physiology textbooks from the late 19th century to 1925; the localization and diversification of textbooks from 1926 to 1949, after the establishment of the Chinese Physiological Society; the exploratory phase of textbook construction after the founding of the People's Republic of China from 1949 to 1976; the formation and innovation of the textbook development process from 1977 to the present, following the restoration of the college entrance examination. For each phase, the article not only records the historical development of physiology textbooks, but also analyzes the evolution of their content, writing styles and the interaction with the social and political contexts.

Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of SC1011 (Sufenidone), a Novel Antifibrotic Small Molecule, in Phase 1 Studies in Healthy Subjects.

SC1011 (sufenidone) is a novel pyridone derivative with therapeutic potential for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Two Phase 1 studies evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of single (SAD) and multiple ascending doses (MAD) of SC1011 immediate-release (IR) and modified-release (MR) oral formulations in healthy adult subjects. In Phase 1a, subjects were randomized to receive oral SC1011 IR or placebo in SAD (50 mg-300 mg) or MAD (100 mg and 200 mg) twice daily for 7 days.

The DNA N6-adenine methylation target gene GhMAF1 promotes fiber initiation at the base of Gossypium ovules.

DNA methylation consists of 5-methylcytosine and N6-methyl deoxyadenosine (6mA) and is crucial in plant development. However, its specific role and potential mechanism to initiate cotton fibers remain unclear. This study employed Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing to analyze DNA methylation alterations in ZM24 and ZM24 fuzzless-lintless (ZM24fl) during fiber initiation.

A Novel Derivatization-Free Approach for Analysis of (+)2-Aminobutanol and Ethambutol Hydrochloride in Tablets Preparation Using RP-HPLC-NQAD.

A novel and rapid RP-HPLC coupled with nano quantity analyte detector (NQAD) method was developed for determination of ethambutol hydrochloride and (+)2-aminobutanol in drug products. NQAD is an aerosol-based detector that can be used for the direct detection of the substance lacking ultraviolet chromophores. The two highly polar analytes were separated on a C column with mobile phase consists of trifluoroacetic acid solution and methanol and detected with NQAD.

A CT-based interpretable deep learning signature for predicting PD-L1 expression in bladder cancer: a two-center study.

Background: To construct and assess a deep learning (DL) signature that employs computed tomography imaging to predict the expression status of programmed cell death ligand 1 in patients with bladder cancer (BCa).

Methods: This retrospective study included 190 patients from two hospitals who underwent surgical removal of BCa (training set/external validation set, 127/63). We used convolutional neural network and radiomics machine learning technology to generate prediction models.