Does Hippotherapy Improve the Functions in Children with Cerebral Palsy? Systematic Review Based on the International Classification of Functioning.

To perform a systematic review of the literature regarding scientific reality of hippotherapy in children with cerebral palsy graded according to France HAS (Haute Autorité de Santé) recommendations and applied to the International Classification of Functioning. The research in MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases was performed using the keywords: "Equestrian therapy," "Riding for the disabled," "Hippotherapy," "Equine-movement therapy," and "Therapeutic horse (back) riding." The methodological quality of the articles was assessed using four levels of proof and three guideline grades (A: strong; B: moderate; C: poor).

[Exoskeletons for restoring motor functions].

Paraplegia results in deficiencies and impairments which have an impact on the somatic and psychological state of patients. Powered exoskeleton orthoses can be used in certain conditions. Studies assessing the criteria for walking with an exoskeleton have highlighted interesting parameters for the creation of a functional orthosis.

Superfast Set, Strong and Less Degradable Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Cement.

Purpose: Despite the good sealing ability and biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), its slow setting, high degradation, and weakness limit its use in surgical endodontics and high stress-bearing areas. This study aimed to develop two new liquids to control these drawbacks. They were prepared from calcium chloride, fumed silica, and hydroxyapatite or calcium phosphate and coded "H" and "P," respectively.

Comparison of 3 intranasal mists for anesthetizing maxillary teeth in adults: A randomized, double-masked, multicenter phase 3 clinical trial.

Background: This double-masked, parallel-design, clinical trial assessed whether a combination nasal spray (K305; 3% tetracaine hydrochloride and 0.05% oxymetazoline hydrochloride) compared with a tetracaine-only spray and a placebo spray would be safer and superior in producing local anesthesia sufficient to complete a direct restorative procedure in maxillary nonmolar teeth.

Methods: The authors randomized eligible patients to receive K305 spray (n = 44), tetracaine hydrochloride spray (n = 44), or a placebo solution (n = 22).

Patient education after amputation: systematic review and experts' opinions.

Objective: To perform a systematic review of the literature regarding amputee self-care, and analyze current experts' opinions.

Method: The research in Medline and Cochrane Library databases was performed using the keywords "amputee self-care", "amputee health care", "amputee education", and "amputee health management". The methodological quality of the articles was assessed using four levels of evidence and three guideline grades (A: strong; B: moderate; C: poor).

Safety and efficacy of a novel nasal spray for maxillary dental anesthesia.

This study examines the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a nasal spray to induce anesthesia of maxillary teeth. Forty-five healthy adults requiring restoration of one maxillary tooth were randomized in a 1:2 ratio to receive (1) an intra-oral lidocaine-epinephrine injection with buffered saline nasal spray bilaterally, or (2) a tetracaine hydrochloride-oxymetazoline hydrochloride nasal spray bilaterally with sham injection. Primary endpoints were use of rescue anesthesia and patient global pain assessment.

Streptococcus gordonii collagen-binding domain protein CbdA may enhance bacterial survival in instrumented root canals ex vivo.

Introduction: The surface-associated collagen-binding protein Ace of Enterococcus faecalis has been implicated as a virulence factor that contributes to bacterial persistence in endodontic infections. The purpose of this study was to determine if proteins with amino acid sequence similarity to Ace found in more abundant oral streptococci could play a similar role in potentially enhancing endodontic infections.

Methods: A Streptococcus gordonii gene similar to ace was identified by genome sequence searches in silico.

Identification of incinerated root canal filling materials after exposure to high heat incineration.

With the increase in global terrorism there is a higher probability of having to identify victims of incineration events secondary to incendiary explosive devices. The victims of incineration events challenge forensic odontologists when coronal restorations are no longer present to compile postmortem data. With 40 million root canals being completed annually in the United States, a very large pool of antemortem data is available to the forensic odontologist to make positive identifications.

A diagnostic challenge: anterior variant of mandibular lingual bone depression.

Mandibular lingual bone depressions are considered to be developmental anomalies and most clinicians are familiar with the posterior variant (known as Stafne's bone cavity) that occurs in lingual mandibular molar regions, adjacent to the submandibular gland and below the mandibular canal. The anterior variant of the mandibular lingual bone depression is an asymptomatic bone cavity that occurs adjacent to the sublingual gland in the anterior mandible. Radiographically, it appears as a well-corticated radiolucency that retains a normal trabecular pattern internally.

Trends in endodontic instruments and materials.

It is the skill and knowledge of the clinician using the technique or material that determines success. This article provides an overview of some current trends in endodontic instruments and materials.

Reliability of electric pulp testing after pulpal testing with dichlorodifluoromethane.

The purpose of this study was to determine if the sequence and interval between electric pulp testing and cold vitality testing with dichlorodifluoromethane affects the reliability of pulpal diagnostic testing. Sixty vital teeth in 15 volunteers were tested. Ten endodontically treated teeth were used as negative controls.

Use of dental instruments for bridging during electric pulp testing.

It has been suggested that dental instruments can be used as bridging instruments to facilitate electric pulp testing of teeth with extensive restorations. This study reports a clinical investigation to evaluate the effectiveness of this procedure. One hundred seventeen vital teeth in 20 volunteers were tested.

Effect of coronal-radicular flaring on apical transportation.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect early and late radicular flaring has on apical canal transportation when using balanced force instrumentation. Sixty-six extracted human teeth with curvatures ranging from 20 to 65 degrees were equally divided into two groups. Canals were cleaned and shaped using balanced force and one of two flaring techniques.

Chairside disinfection of radiographs.

Routine disinfection of materials that have contacted human blood products and body fluids during patient care is recommended by the American Dental Association and the Centers for Disease Control. The purpose of this study was to determine whether surface disinfection with sodium hypochlorite would be an effective means for disinfection of radiographic film packets used in chairside developers. Disinfection of exposed radiographic film packets for 30 seconds in 5.

Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy for the identification of Actinomyces sp. in endodontic disease.

Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy was used to determine the presence of select Actinomyces sp. in a clinical survey of teeth with endodontic disease. Thirty canal samples were tested for the presence of Actinomyces sp.

Longitudinal evaluation of the seal of endodontic retrofillings.

The apical seal obtained with various retrofilling materials placed in prepared, extracted human anterior teeth was measured at various time intervals. Materials evaluated were cold-burnished gutta-percha, amalgam, amalgam with a cavity varnish, SuperEBA cement, and a glass ionomer restorative material (Ketac-Silver). Control groups included teeth retrofilled with either gutta-percha without sealer or TERM.

Microleakage of temporary endodontic restorations in teeth restored with amalgam.

Microleakage of seven temporary restorative materials was evaluated in endodontic access preparations made in teeth restored with amalgam. Ten teeth were used for each of the seven materials: Cavit, Cavit-G, TERM, zinc phosphate cement, polycarboxylate cement, glass ionomer cement, and IRM. A class I amalgam was placed in the occlusal surface of each experimental tooth and an endodontic access preparation was made entirely within the amalgam.

A microleakage study of temporary restorative materials used in endodontics.

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the sealing properties of various temporary restorative materials used in standard endodontic access preparations by using a newly introduced fluid filtration method. The materials tested were Cavit, Cavit-G, TERM, glass ionomer cement, zinc phosphate cement, polycarboxylate cement, and IRM. Extracted human incisor, canine, and premolar teeth were used, and each tooth served as its own control by testing for microleakage prior to access preparation.

A comparison of Flex-R files and K-type files for enlargement of severely curved molar root canals.

A double exposure radiographic technique is introduced and used to evaluate the magnitude of apical canal transportation that occurs during preparation procedures. The balanced force technique and a step-back method for cleaning and shaping root canals were evaluated in mesiobuccal root canals from 80 extracted human molar teeth with curvatures ranging from 30 to 73 degrees. Pre- and posttreatment file positions were examined from clinical and proximal radiographic views by computer digitization.

A dye penetration study of retrofilling materials.

The apical sealing ability of amalgam, cold-burnished gutta-percha, amalgam with cavity varnish, and SuperEBA cement was evaluated in extracted human teeth. For each experimental group, the roots of 20 single-rooted teeth were sectioned from their crowns. Canals were cleaned, shaped, and obturated with vertically condensed warmed gutta-percha and Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer.