Force-Velocity Relationship in Cycling and Arm Cranking: A Comparison of Men and Women.

This study was aimed at comparing the force-velocity relationship during cycling and arm cranking in males and females. Thirty-two male and twenty-two female healthy volunteers performed a force-velocity test on a cycle ergometer and a cranking ergometer in a randomly selected order. The theoretical values of the maximum force at zero speed (F) and the maximum velocity at zero braking force (v) for the lower and upper limbs were determined, and the maximum anaerobic power (Pmax) was calculated from the individual force-velocity relationship.

Pacing Variation in Multistage Ultramarathons: Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Ultramarathon running is the most popular ultraendurance competition in terms of the number of races and runners competing annually worldwide; however, no study has compared pacing and performance over a long period.

Objective: This study analyzes the pacing of successful finishers and nonfinishers in multistage ultramarathons worldwide.

Methods: A total of 4079 athletes (men=3288; women=791) competing in 99 multistage ultramarathon events from 1983 to 2021 were analyzed, including the number of participants, age, gender, rank, and running speed of successful finishers.

Predicting overall performance in Ironman 70.3 age group triathletes through split disciplines.

Knowing which discipline contributes most to a triathlon performance is important to plan race pacing properly. To date, we know that the running split is the most decisive discipline in the Olympic distance triathlon, and the cycling split is the most important discipline in the full-distance Ironman triathlon. However, we have no knowledge of the Ironman 70.

Participation and performance trends in short-, medium, and long-distance duathlon.

Participation and performance trends of male and female athletes have been thoroughly analyzed in various endurance sports. Knowing these trends can help coaches and athletes prepare for competitions and may influence their training strategy and career planning. However, duathlon events-consisted of two splits of running (Run1 and Run2) interspersed by a split of cycling (Bike)-have not been thoroughly studied, unlike other endurance sports.

Changes in pacing variation with increasing race duration in ultra-triathlon races.

Despite the increasing scientific interest in the relationship between pacing and performance in endurance sports, little information is available about pacing and pacing variation in ultra-endurance events such as ultra-triathlons. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the trends of pacing, pacing variation, the influence of age, sex, and performance level in ultra-triathlons of different distances. We analysed 969 finishers (849 men, 120 women) in 46 ultra-triathlons longer than the original Ironman® distance (e.

Shoulder Internal Rotator Strength as Risk Factor for Shoulder Pain in Volleyball Players.

The aim of this study was to identify the intrinsic factors that could increase risk of shoulder pain in adolescent volleyball players. Twenty-eight young male volleyball players (between 14 and 18 years old) participated in this study. Athletes were submitted to: isokinetic muscle strength assessment of shoulder rotator muscles, ball service speed assessment, anterior and posterior drawer test, apprehension test, groove sign and scapular dyskinesia test.

Participation and performance characteristics in half-marathon run: a brief narrative review.

Half-marathon (HM) is a running sport of increasing popularity in both sexes and in all age groups worldwide during the last years. Many studies have examined several aspects of HM, such as performance and participation trends, sex and age differences, physiological correlates, and training; however, no comprehensive review has ever been contacted to summarize the recently accumulated knowledge. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to review all previous research in this sport, focusing on participation and performance aspects.

Correction: Russians are the fastest 100-km ultra-marathoners in the world.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Is there stability in the performance of elite half-marathoners?

The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance stability of elite half-marathoners of both sexes. The study was composed of 24 elite athletes (12 female and 12 male), ranked among the Senior World TOP20 half-marathoners, who completed a half-marathon race for at least three consecutive years. Tracking was tested using autocorrelations and Kappa Cohen.

Effects of congested match periods on acceleration and deceleration profiles in professional soccer.

The aim of the present study was to analyse the influence of congested periods of matches on the acceleration (Acc) and deceleration (Dec) profiles of elite soccer players. Twenty-three elite male professional soccer players participated in the study across 31 official matches. Assessed periods included: (i) congested periods (three to four days between games), and (ii) non-congested periods (more than four days between games).

The beginning of success: Performance trends and cut-off values for junior and the U23 triathlon categories.

Background: This study sought to determine cut-off values for each triathlon discipline to achieve podium in Junior (short distance; 750 m swim, 20 km cycle and 5 km run) and U23 (standard/Olympic distance; 1.5 km swim, 40 km cycle and 10 km run) triathlon events. Additionally, we aimed to investigate which discipline has the largest relationship with overall Junior and U23 triathlon performance, and the effect of sex and time in performance trends.

Factors Associated with Reduction in Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic in São Paulo, Brazil: An Internet-Based Survey Conducted in June 2020.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected physical activity levels. This study investigated the factors associated with the change in physical activity level in Brazilians residing in the city of São Paulo.

Methods: A self-administered questionnaire, addressing personal data, restriction level, education level, family income, daily working hours, and physical activity level, was answered by 2140 volunteers, of which 1179 were excluded because the answers were either incomplete or the respondents were not from São Paulo.

The Effect of Muscle Strength on Marathon Race-Induced Muscle Soreness.

Background: Muscle soreness after a competition or a training session has been a concern of runners due to its harmful effect on performance. It is not known if stronger individuals present a lower level of muscle soreness after a strenuous physical effort. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the pre-race muscle strength or the V˙O2max level can predict muscle soreness 24, 48 and 72 h after a full marathon in men.

Knowledge and Prevalence of Supplements Used by Brazilian Resistance Training Practitioners Before Coronavirus Outbreak.

Introduction: The use of dietary supplements and ergogenic aids (DSEA) is popular among physical activity enthusiasts. Particularly, resistance training (RT) practitioners represent important DSEA consumers due to its easy access and the appeal of claims related to muscle hypertrophy, aesthetics, and physical performance improvements.

Methods: Our aim was to study knowledge, prevalence, and profile of DSEA used by Brazilian recreational RT practitioners.

Setting Objective Clinical Assessment Tools for Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders - A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study.

Introduction: Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder (CRSWD) is an often-misdiagnosed group of sleep disturbances with limited data concerning diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms in the general population. Therefore, reported prevalence varies in the literature due to different case definitions, methodological, and environmental factors.

Objectives: The purpose of our cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of CRSWD in the general population of Cyprus and to suggest clinical parameters for the assessment of atypical sleep schedules.

The Role of Environmental Conditions on Master Marathon Running Performance in 1,280,557 Finishers the 'New York City Marathon' From 1970 to 2019.

This study investigated the influence of weather conditions on running performance in female and male age group runners in the largest marathon in the world, the "New York City Marathon." The analysis included data from 1,280,557 finishers the "New York City Marathon" from the years 1970 to 2019. Linear mixed models for men and women finishers with race time (min) as dependent variable and 5-year age groups, temperature, wind and relative humidity tertiles (low, medium, high) as independent factors and finisher as random intercept was performed.

From Athens to Sparta-37 Years of Spartathlon.

(1) Background: Recent studies analyzed the participation and performance trends of historic races such as the oldest ultra-marathon (Comrades) or the oldest 100-km ultra-marathon (Biel). One of the toughest and historic ultra-marathons in the world is the 'Spartathlon' (246-km ultra-marathon from Athens to Sparta). The present study aimed to analyze the trends in participation and performance of this race.

What Is the Best Discipline to Predict Overall Triathlon Performance? An Analysis of Sprint, Olympic, Ironman 70.3, and Ironman 140.6.

To analyze the proportion of dedication in each triathlon discipline (swimming, cycling, and running) and the importance of each separate discipline to predict overall performance of elite triathletes across different triathlon distances. Data from 2015 to 2020 ( = 16,667) from official races and athletes in Sprint, Olympic distance, IM 70.3 (Half-Ironman distance), and IM 140.

Profile of blood pressure and glycemic responses after interval exercise in older women attending (in) a public health physical activity program.

Background: and purpose: Interval exercise causes a positive impact on health status. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of a feasible and low-cost interval exercise on blood pressure and glycemic responses in people with controlled systemic arterial hypertension.

Methods: Thirteen women with hypertension (HG; age: 60.

Pacing in World-Class Age Group Swimmers in 200 and 400 m Individual Medley.

The present research investigated pacing for world-class age group swimmers competing in individual medley in 200 m and 400 m. Data on 3,242 unique finishers (1,475 women and 1,767 men) competing in four Master World Championships [XV FINA WMC held in Montreal (Canada) in 2014, the XVI FINA WMC held in Kazan (RUS) in 2015, the FINA WMC held in Budapest (HUN) in 2017, and the XVIII FINA WMC held in Gwangju (KOR] in 2019) were analyzed. Men were faster than women among all age groups in both 200 and 400 m.