Factors affecting high cumulative radiation exposure from paediatric computed tomography.

Purpose: To estimate occurrence rate of high cumulative radiation exposure from paediatric computed tomography (CT), and to determine influential factors on high-dose inclination.

Material And Methods: Patients below 18 years old receiving at least 50 mSv of a cumulative dose during a 5-year period in a tertiary care centre were retrospectively enrolled. Individual patient characteristics, diagnoses, frequency of exa-minations, scanner sites, designated scans, and effective doses were recorded.

Sensitivity and specificity of using pelvic ultrasonographic parameters combined with basal gonadotropin levels to diagnose central precocious puberty in Thai girls.

Background: The criterion standard gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation tests to diagnose central precocious puberty (CPP) are time-consuming, inconvenient, and expensive.

Objectives: To determine predictive cut-off values codetermined by ultrasonographic parameters and basal gonadotropin levels in girls with premature sexual development and compare them results of criterion standard tests in a study of diagnostic accuracy.

Methods: Retrospective review of hormonal investigations and ultrasonographic uterine and ovarian parameters in a consecutive sample of girls at a single center, tertiary care hospital in Bangkok, Thailand.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatic fibrosis among perinatally HIV-monoinfected Asian adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy.

To assess and compare the prevalence of persistent hepatic abnormalities, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and/or hepatic fibrosis, among perinatally HIV-monoinfected Asian adolescents with history of abnormal hepatic enzymes to those without, using noninvasive diagnostic tools. A multicenter cohort study was conducted in Thailand and Indonesia. Adolescents aged 10-25 years who were on antiretroviral treatment (ART), had virologic suppression (HIV RNA<400 copies/mL within the past 6 months), and had no history of chronic hepatitis B/C infection were enrolled.

Common pitfalls and mistakes in pediatric ultrasound.

There are many errors and pitfalls that are commonly encountered during ultrasound examinations. In normal ultrasound, pitfalls may arise from anatomic or physiologic variants of pediatric anatomy, settings, artifacts, patient conditions, operator misunderstanding, or inexperienced performance. In limited field and point-of-care ultrasound, common errors are usually due to limited access, misdiagnosis as a result of wrong timing, unsuitable patient conditions, limited transducer options, satisfaction of search, and unfamiliarity with pediatric sonography.

Clinical Features and Survival Outcomes of Invasive Aspergillosis in Pediatric Patients at a Medical School in Thailand.

Background: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a severe infection in immunocompromised patients. Recently, serum galactomannan has been widely used for diagnosis and voriconazole as an antifungal agent. The objective of this study is to describe clinical features and survival outcomes of IA.

Potential of ultrasound in the pediatric chest.

Ultrasound (US) of chest, even with inherent limitations of the US beam and air, has been useful in many pediatric chest conditions. It has extended its role and is now widely used by many subspecialists in medicine. This review article will cover techniques, indications, and applications of chest US in neonates, infants and children, including also different common as well as some rare and modern aspects and applications, such as pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pulmonary lesions, mediastinum, diaphragm, and chest wall.

Aspiration cytology of mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall: a case report and literature review.

Mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall is a rare tumor-like lesion of infancy and childhood. The few available descriptions of the findings on fine needle aspiration list spindle-shaped cells and cartilage or chondromyxoid material as essential features for this diagnosis. An aggressive appearance on imaging studies and a lack of familiarity with this lesion, can lead the pathologist to misdiagnose the cytologic findings as malignancy.

Survey of pediatric MDCT radiation dose from university hospitals in Thailand: a preliminary for national dose survey.

Background: Increasing pediatric CT usage worldwide needs the optimization of CT protocol examination. Although there are previous published dose reference level (DRL) values, the local DRLs should be established to guide for clinical practice and monitor the CT radiation.

Purpose: To determine the multidetector CT (MDCT) radiation dose in children in three university hospitals in Thailand in four age groups using the CT dose index (CTDI) and dose length product (DLP).

Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) of major thoracic vessels in children--a pictorial assay on common findings also discussing CTA technique.

CTA plays an important role in evaluation of the major thoracic vessels in children. The purpose of this review is to describe the application of CTA in evaluation of the thoracic aorta, the pulmonary arteries and veins, and potential aortic-pulmonary collaterals. Indications, consideration, technical details of how to perform these investigations in children, restrictions and representative illustration are presented and discussed.

Xanthogranulomatous adrenalitis in a neonate: CT and US findings.

We report a 46-day-old female infant with xanthogranulomatous adrenalitis. Ultrasonography showed a complex, solid-cystic right suprarenal mass with poorly defined margins. Colour flow Doppler revealed the solid portion of the mass to be vascular.

Regression of a cervical spinal mass following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in child with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease.

This report documents a case of infiltrating cervical spinal mass, most likely a spinal tumor, in a girl with HIV infection that regressed following HAART and without treatment of the tumor or any anti-infectives.

Child abuse: radiographic findings at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital.

Objective: To describe radiographic findings in physically abused children.

Material And Method: The physically abused children diagnosed in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital from 1998 to 2002 were retrospectively reviewed of medical records and radiographic imaging.

Result: Eighteen of 30 physically abused children had positive radiographic findings and 15 of 18 were related to head injury.