Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Fmoc-Protected 1,2,4-Triazolyl-α-Amino Acids and Their Dipeptides Against Species.

In recent years, fungal infections have emerged as a significant health concern across veterinary species, especially in livestock such as cattle, where fungal diseases can result in considerable economic losses, as well as in humans. In particular, species, notably and , are opportunistic pathogens that pose a threat to both animals and humans. This study focuses on the synthesis and antifungal evaluation of novel 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected 1,2,4-triazolyl-α-amino acids and their dipeptides, designed to combat fungal pathogens.

Structural Analysis and Substrate Specificity of D-Carbamoylase from .

The synthesis of enantiomeric forms of D-amino acids can be achieved by a two-step "hydantoinase process" based on the sequential catalysis of substrates by specific enzymes, D-carbamoylase and D-hydantoinase. Here, we describe the structural features of D-carbamoylase from , the encoded gene of which was chemically synthesized and cloned into . A significant fraction of the overexpressed recombinant protein forms insoluble inclusion bodies, which are partially converted to a soluble state upon treatment with N-lauroylsarcosine or upon incubation of cells at 28 °C.

Detergent-resistant α-amylase derived from Anoxybacillus karvacharensis K1 and its production based on whey.

In the field of biotechnology, the utilization of agro-industrial waste for generating high-value products, such as microbial biomass and enzymes, holds significant importance. This study aimed to produce recombinant α-amylase from Anoxybacillus karvacharensis strain K1, utilizing whey as an useful growth medium. The purified hexahistidine-tagged α-amylase exhibited remarkable homogeneity, boasting a specific activity of 1069.

Mining thermophiles for biotechnologically relevant enzymes: evaluating the potential of European and Caucasian hot springs.

The development of sustainable and environmentally friendly industrial processes is becoming very crucial and demanding for the rapid implementation of innovative bio-based technologies. Natural extreme environments harbor the potential for discovering and utilizing highly specific and efficient biocatalysts that are adapted to harsh conditions. This review focuses on extremophilic microorganisms and their enzymes (extremozymes) from various hot springs, shallow marine vents, and other geothermal habitats in Europe and the Caucasus region.

Structural and biochemical characterisation of the N-carbamoyl-β-alanine amidohydrolase from Rhizobium radiobacter MDC 8606.

N-carbamoyl-β-alanine amidohydrolase (CβAA) constitutes one of the most important groups of industrially relevant enzymes used in the production of optically pure amino acids and derivatives. In this study, a CβAA-encoding gene from Rhizobium radiobacter strain MDC 8606 was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant enzyme (RrCβAA) showed a specific activity of 14 U·mg using N-carbamoyl-β-alanine as a substrate with an optimum activity at 55 °C and pH 8.

A Simple and Easily Implemented Method for the Regioselective Introduction of Deuterium into Azolo[1,5-]pyrimidines Molecules.

A method for the technically easy-to-implement synthesis of deuterium-labeled pyrazolo[1,5-]pyrimidines and 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-]pyrimidines have been developed. The regioselectivity of such transformations has been shown. H NMR and mass spectrometric methods have proved the quantitative nature of such transformations and the kinetics of deuterium exchange has been studied.

tRNA modification profiles in obligate and moderate thermophilic bacilli.

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are the most ancient RNA molecules in the cell, modification pattern of which is linked to phylogeny. The aim of this study was to determine the tRNA modification profiles of obligate (Anoxybacillus, Geobacillus, Paragebacillus) and moderate (Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Ureibacillus, Paenibacillus) thermophilic aerobic bacilli strains to find out its linkage to phylogenetic variations between species. LC-MS was applied for the quantification of modified nucleosides using both natural and isotopically labeled standards.

sp. nov., a novel thermophilic bacterium isolated from the Karvachar geothermal spring in Nagorno-Karabakh.

Twelve thermophilic strains were isolated from sediment and water samples from a Karvachar hot spring located in the northern part of Nagorno-Karabakh. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, one of the isolates, designated strain K1, was studied in detail. The cells are straight, motile rods that are 0.

Microbial Diversity of Terrestrial Geothermal Springs in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh: A Review.

The microbial diversity of high-altitude geothermal springs has been recently assessed to explore their biotechnological potential. However, little is known regarding the microbiota of similar ecosystems located on the Armenian Highland. This review summarizes the known information on the microbiota of nine high-altitude mineralized geothermal springs (temperature range 25.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of non-cytotoxic extracts of corticolous lichens sampled in Armenia.

Due to wide range of secondary metabolites, lichens were used from antiquity as sources of colorants, perfumes and medicaments. This research focuses on exploring the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of methanol, ethanol, acetone extracts and aqueous infusions of corticolous lichens sampled from Armenia. Methanol, ethanol and acetone extracts from all tested lichens were active against Gram-positive bacterial strains.

Characteristics of DNA polymerase I from an extreme thermophile, Thermus scotoductus strain K1.

Several native and engineered heat-stable DNA polymerases from a variety of sources are used as powerful tools in different molecular techniques, including polymerase chain reaction, medical diagnostics, DNA sequencing, biological diversity assessments, and in vitro mutagenesis. The DNA polymerase from the extreme thermophile, Thermus scotoductus strain K1, (TsK1) was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and characterized. This enzyme belongs to a distinct phylogenetic clade, different from the commonly used DNA polymerase I enzymes, including those from Thermus aquaticus and Thermus thermophilus.

Onshore soil microbes and endophytes respond differently to geochemical and mineralogical changes in the Aral Sea.

There is limited knowledge about how microbiome develops along the geochemical and mineralogical change in onshore soils derived from continuous desiccation of lakes. In this study, geochemistry and mineralogy were studied in the Aral Sea onshore soils exposed in different periods (from the 1970s to 2018), followed by microbial analyses on the studied soils and the aboveground organs of dominant plants. The soils exhibited an increasing gradient of total soluble salts (TSS: 0.

Draft Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli Strain Tj, Isolated from the Varzob River in Tajikistan.

The 4.6-Mbp draft genome sequence of strain Tj, isolated from the Varzob River in Tajikistan, is presented. This strain possesses four prophage elements related to phage SfV, O157:H7-specific phage ϕV10, lambdoid phage HK225, and coliphage Ayreon.

Geothermal springs in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh: potential sources of hydrolase-producing thermophilic bacilli.

In recent years, scientists have increasingly focused on the microbial diversity of high-altitude hot springs to explore the biotechnological applications of extremophiles. In this regard, a total of 107 thermophilic bacilli were isolated from 9 high-altitude mineralized geothermal springs (of temperatures ranging from 27.5 to 70 °C) located within the territory of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh.

A glimpse of the prokaryotic diversity of the Large Aral Sea reveals novel extremophilic bacterial and archaeal groups.

During the last five decades, the Aral Sea has gradually changed from a saline water body to a hypersaline lake. Microbial community inhabiting the Aral Sea has been through a succession and continuous adaptation during the last 50 years of increasing salinization, but so far, the microbial diversity has not been explored. Prokaryotic diversity of the Large Aral Sea using cultivation-independent methods based on determination of environmental 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a microbial community related to typical marine or (hyper) saline-adapted Bacteria and Archaea.

Insights into the Bacterial Diversity of the Acidic Akhtala Mine Tailing in Armenia Using Molecular Approaches.

The impact of the heavy metal contamination and acidity on the bacterial community was studied in samples collected from the Akhtala copper mine tailing using molecular approaches. The bacterial community structure analysis by PCR-DGGE fingerprinting revealed an abundance of Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, and Proteobacteria in different layers of the Akhtala tailing. 454 pyrotag sequence analyses revealed that a significant part of the sequences originated from Proteobacteria (49%) and Bacteroidetes (43%).

Bacilli community of saline-alkaline soils from the Ararat Plain (Armenia) assessed by molecular and culture-based methods.

The bacterial community composition in the A horizon of a natural saline-alkaline soil located in Ararat Plain (Armenia) was studied using molecular and culture-based methods The sequence analysis of a 16S rRNA gene clone library and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles indicated dominance of Firmicutes populations. The majority of the sequences of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene library were close relatives of representatives belonging to the genera Halobacillus (41.2%), Piscibacillus (23.

Identification and sequence analyses of novel lipase encoding novel thermophillic bacilli isolated from Armenian geothermal springs.

Background: Among the huge diversity of thermophilic bacteria mainly bacilli have been reported as active thermostable lipase producers. Geothermal springs serve as the main source for isolation of thermostable lipase producing bacilli. Thermostable lipolytic enzymes, functioning in the harsh conditions, have promising applications in processing of organic chemicals, detergent formulation, synthesis of biosurfactants, pharmaceutical processing etc.

Anti-human immunodeficiency activity of novel 2-arylpyrrolidine analogs.

A series of 26 new compounds were synthesized and screened for their anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 and cytotoxicity activity. Of these, 14 were found to be inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus replications in primary human lymphocytes with 50 % effective concentration values <20 μM. Moreover, most of the compounds were cytotoxic to human lymphocytes, CEM, and Vero cells.

Draft Genome Sequence of Thermus scotoductus Strain K1, Isolated from a Geothermal Spring in Karvachar, Nagorno Karabakh.

The 2,379,636-bp draft genome sequence of Thermus scotoductus strain K1, isolated from geothermal spring outlet located in the Karvachar region in Nagorno Karabakh is presented. Strain K1 shares about 80% genome sequence similarity with T. scotoductus strain SA-01, recovered from a deep gold mine in South Africa.

Novel Methanotrophs of the Family Methylococcaceae from Different Geographical Regions and Habitats.

Terrestrial methane seeps and rice paddy fields are important ecosystems in the methane cycle. Methanotrophic bacteria in these ecosystems play a key role in reducing methane emission into the atmosphere. Here, we describe three novel methanotrophs, designated BRS-K6, GFS-K6 and AK-K6, which were recovered from three different habitats in contrasting geographic regions and ecosystems: waterlogged rice-field soil and methane seep pond sediments from Bangladesh; and warm spring sediments from Armenia.

Microbial diversity in an Armenian geothermal spring assessed by molecular and culture-based methods.

The phylogenetic diversity of the prokaryotic community thriving in the Arzakan hot spring in Armenia was studied using molecular and culture-based methods. A sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries demonstrated the presence of a diversity of microorganisms belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes phyla, and Cyanobacteria. Proteobacteria was the dominant group, representing 52% of the bacterial clones.

An integrated study reveals diverse methanogens, Thaumarchaeota, and yet-uncultivated archaeal lineages in Armenian hot springs.

Culture-independent and enrichment techniques, with an emphasis on members of the Archaea, were used to determine the composition and structure of microbial communities inhabiting microbial mats in the source pools of two geothermal springs near the towns of Arzakan and Jermuk in Armenia. Amplification of small-subunit rRNA genes using "universal" primers followed by pyrosequencing (pyrotags) revealed highly diverse microbial communities in both springs, with >99 % of pyrosequences corresponding to members of the domain Bacteria. The spring in Arzakan was colonized by a photosynthetic mat dominated by Cyanobacteria, in addition to Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Spirochaeta and a diversity of other Bacteria.

Cultivation and characterization of thermophilic Nitrospira species from geothermal springs in the US Great Basin, China, and Armenia.

Despite its importance in the nitrogen cycle, little is known about nitrite oxidation at high temperatures. To bridge this gap, enrichment cultures were inoculated with sediment slurries from a variety of geothermal springs. While nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were successfully enriched from seven hot springs located in US Great Basin, south-western China, and Armenia at ≤ 57.