Micropapillary pattern in serous borderline ovarian tumor and the risk of extraovarian localization of low-grade serous carcinoma ('invasive implants'): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

In serous borderline ovarian tumor (SBOT), a micropapillary (MP) pattern has been considered analogous to intraepithelial low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC). On this account, it is reasonable to hypothesize that MP-SBOT is more likely to be associated with extraovarian LGSC localizations (also referred to as 'invasive implants') compared to conventional SBOT. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between a MP pattern and invasive implants in SBOT.

TLR4 Downregulation Identifies High-Risk HPV Infection and Integration in H-SIL and Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Uterine Cervix.

Growing scientific evidence suggests a link between the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and cervical cancer carcinogenesis. Specifically, a close relation between TLR4 expression and FIGO stage, lymph node metastases, and tumor size has been reported in cervical cancer. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between TLR4 expression levels and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and/or high-risk (hr) HPV integration status in patients with a histological diagnosis of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (H-SIL), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the uterine cervix.

Beyond the WHO 2020 Classification of Female Genital Tumors: Types of Endometrial Cancer: A Pathological and Molecular Focus on Challenging Rare Variants.

Endometrial carcinoma is a heterogeneous group of malignancies characterized by distinct histopathological features and genetic underpinnings. The 2020 WHO classification has provided a comprehensive framework for the categorization of endometrial carcinoma. However, it has not fully addressed the spectrum of uncommon entities that are currently not recognized by the 2020 WHO and have only been described in the form of small case series and case reports.

An Amino Acid Mixture to Counteract Skeletal Muscle Atrophy: Impact on Mitochondrial Bioenergetics.

Skeletal muscle atrophy (SMA) is caused by a rise in muscle breakdown and a decline in protein synthesis, with a consequent loss of mass and function. This study characterized the effect of an amino acid mixture (AA) in models of SMA, focusing on mitochondria. C57/Bl6 mice underwent immobilization of one hindlimb (I) or cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury (C) and were compared with controls (CTRL).

The Role of TLR-2 in Lethal COVID-19 Disease Involving Medullary and Resident Lung Megakaryocyte Up-Regulation in the Microthrombosis Mechanism.

Unlabelled: Patients with COVID-19 have coagulation and platelet disorders, with platelet alterations and thrombocytopenia representing negative prognostic parameters associated with severe forms of the disease and increased lethality.

Methods: The aim of this study was to study the expression of platelet glycoprotein IIIa (CD61), playing a critical role in platelet aggregation, together with TRL-2 as a marker of innate immune activation.

Results: A total of 25 patients were investigated, with the majority (24/25, 96%) having co-morbidities and dying from a fatal form of SARS-CoV-2(+) infection (COVID-19+), with 13 men and 12 females ranging in age from 45 to 80 years.

COVID-19: detection methods in post-mortem samples.

COVID-19 identification is routinely performed on fresh samples, such as nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, even if, the detection of the virus in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) autopsy tissues could help to underlie mechanisms of the pathogenesis that are not well understood. The gold standard for COVID-19 detection in FFPE samples remains the qRT-PCR as in swab samples, contextually other methods have been developed, including immunohistochemistry (IHC), and in situ hybridization (ISH). In this manuscript, we summarize the main data regarding the methods of COVID-19 detection in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary post-mortem samples, and especially the sensitivity and specificity of these assays will be discussed.

Tumor Inflammatory Microenvironment of the Thyroid Cancer: Relationship between Regulatory T-Cell Imbalance, and p-NFΚB (p65) Expression-A Preliminary Study.

Background: Inflammatory microenvironment is an essential component of all tumors, including thyroid cancer. Autoimmune thyroid diseases are often associated with thyroid cancer. CD25, expressed in Treg cells and B cells, has been found to be associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases and the NFkB pathway is critical to tumor formation, regulating immune-related genes, and pro-inflammatory cytokine.

The Role of Toll-like Receptor-4 in Macrophage Imbalance in Lethal COVID-19 Lung Disease, and Its Correlation with Galectin-3.

To the current data, there have been 6,955,141 COVID-19-related deaths worldwide, reported to WHO. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) implicated in bacterial and virus sensing could be a crosstalk between activation of persistent innate-immune inflammation, and macrophage's sub-population alterations, implicated in cytokine storm, macrophage over-activation syndrome, unresolved Acute Respiratory Disease Syndrome (ARDS), and death. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the association between Toll-like-receptor-4 (TLR-4)-induced inflammation and macrophage imbalance in the lung inflammatory infiltrate of lethal COVID-19 disease.

Predictive value of CDKN2A/p16 expression in the malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Management of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) is still challenging. Despite the diagnostic ascertainment by bioptic examination, this method is poorly informative of the prognosis and subsequent malignant transformation. Prognosis is based on histological findings by grading of dysplasia.

Redox-Dependent Modulation of Human Liver Progenitor Cell Line Fate.

Redox homeostasis is determinant in the modulation of quiescence/self-renewal/differentiation of stem cell lines. The aim of this study consisted of defining the impact of redox modifications on cell fate in a human hepatic progenitor line. To achieve this, the HepaRG cell line, which shows oval ductular bipotent characteristics, was used.

When the clock ticks wrong with COVID-19.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of the coronavirus family that causes the novel coronavirus disease first diagnosed in 2019 (COVID-19). Although many studies have been carried out in recent months to determine why the disease clinical presentations and outcomes can vary significantly from asymptomatic to severe or lethal, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. It is likely that unique individual characteristics can strongly influence the broad disease variability; thus, tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are needed to improve clinical outcomes.

Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases 7 and 9, Desmin, Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin and Caldesmon, in Odontogenic Keratocyst Associated with NBCCS, Recurrent and Sporadic Keratocysts.

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) associated odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) show more aggressive behavior and it has a higher frequency of relapse than non-syndromic OKCs. Stromal myofibroblasts (MFs), characterized by α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), desmin and caldesmon expression, and metalloproteinases (MMPs) have an essential role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The aim of the study is to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-7, MMP-9, αSMA and other new markers in the study of OKCs MFs such as desmin and caldesmon in NBCCS-associated OKCs compared to recurrent and sporadic keratocysts.

Expression of Beta-Catenin, Cadherins and P-Runx2 in Fibro-Osseous Lesions of the Jaw: Tissue Microarray Study.

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) and hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT) are well-characterized benign bone fibro-osseous lesions. The intracellular mechanism leading to excessive deposition of fibrous tissue and alteration of differentiation processes leading to osteomalacia have not yet been fully clarified. Tissue Microarray (TMA)-based immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin, CK-AE1/AE3, Ki-67, cadherins and P-Runx2 were analyzed in archival samples from nine patients affected by FD and HPT-JT and in seven controls, with the aim of elucidating the contribution of these molecules (β-catenin, cadherins and P-Runx2) in the osteoblast differentiation pathway.

TLR4 Expression in Ex-Lichenoid Lesions-Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Its Surrounding Epithelium: The Role of Tumor Inflammatory Microenvironment.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Moreover, TLRs can induce a pro-survival and pro-proliferation response in tumor cells. This study aims to investigate the expression of TLR4 in the epithelium surrounding oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) in relation to its inflammatory microenvironment.

Inhibition of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 promotes hepatic progenitor cell activation and differentiation.

The stem cell ability to self-renew and lead regeneration relies on the balance of complex signals in their microenvironment. The identification of modulators of hepatic progenitor cell (HPC) activation is determinant for liver regeneration and may improve cell transplantation for end-stage liver disease. This investigation used different models to point out the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) as a key regulator of the HPC fate.

Lung histopathological findings in COVID-19 disease - a systematic review.

Since December 2019, the global burden of the COVID-19 pandemic has increased rapidly and has impacted nearly every country in the world, affecting those who are elderly or with underlying comorbidities or immunocompromised states. Aim of this systematic review is to summarize lung histopathological characteristics of COVID-19, not only for diagnostic purpose but also to evaluate changes that can reflect pathophysiological pathways that can inform clinicians of useful treatment strategies. We identified following histopathological changes among our patients:: hyaline membranes; endothelial cells/ interstitial cells involvement; alveolar cells, type I pneumocytes/ type II pneumocytes involvement; interstitial and/ or alveolar edema; evidence of hemorrhage, of inflammatory cells, evidence of microthrombi; evidence of fibrin deposition and of viral infection in the tissue samples.

Prevalence of HPV in patients affected by oral Lichen planus: A prospective study using two different chair-side sampling methods.

Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) role in oral potentially malignant lesions remains unclear. Aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of HPV infection in a cohort of patients affected by oral lichen planus, to analyze the genotypes involved, and to compare the performance of two specimen collection methods: brushing and biopsy.

Methods: Consecutive patients with oral lichen planus were enrolled.

An Overview of the Temporal Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Clinical Specimens.

Coronavirus disease 2019 quickly spread in China and has, since March 2020 become a pandemic, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. The causative agent was promptly isolated and named SARS-CoV-2. Scientific efforts are related to identifying the best clinical management of these patients, but also in understanding their infectivity in order to limit the spread of the virus.

A possible interplay between HR-HPV and stemness in tumor development: an in vivo investigation of CD133 as a putative marker of cancer stem cell in HPV18-infected KB cell line.

High-risk HPVs (HR-HPVs) are DNA viruses considered as primary etiologic factors in malignancies of the low female genital tract. Their presence has also been documented in oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancers. However, HPV infection is considered a necessary but not sufficient cause of tumoral development; meantime, increasing evidences on the tumorigenic role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been documented in the literature.

Adipose Stem Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma Induce Vascular-Like Structures in a Dermal Regeneration Template.

In the context of biointeractive dressings used for enhancing wound healing, the use of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) or adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) hereof derived has not been fully exploited yet. Noncultured SVF, a heterogeneous mesenchymal population of cells, is attractive in the field of dermal regeneration because it can be instantaneously obtained, avoids genomic alterations, and is comparatively safer than cultured ASCs. Integra Dermal Regeneration Template (DRT) was sprinkled with ASCs in complete medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), or SVF, obtained from emulsified or nonemulsified fat, in medium supplemented with 2% platelet-rich plasma (PRP).

Redox Control of the Immune Response in the Hepatic Progenitor Cell Niche.

The liver commonly self-regenerates by a proliferation of mature cell types. Nevertheless, in case of severe or protracted damage, the organ renewal is mediated by the hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs), adult progenitors capable of differentiating toward the biliary and the hepatocyte lineages. This regeneration process is determined by the formation of a stereotypical niche surrounding the emerging progenitors.

Immunohistochemical Analysis Revealed a Correlation between Musashi-2 and Cyclin-D1 Expression in Patients with Oral Squamous Cells Carcinoma.

Aim: Musashi 2 (MSI2), which is an RNA-binding protein, plays a fundamental role in the oncogenesis of several cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of MSI2 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and evaluate its correlation to clinic-pathological variables and prognosis.

Materials And Methods: A bioinformatic analysis was performed on data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.

Detection of HPV in oral leukoplakia by brushing and biopsy: prospective study in an Italian cohort.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of HPV infection in oral leukoplakia, specifying the HPV genotypes eventually involved. We also compared the micro-biopsy and brushing HPV detecting efficacy.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients with a presumptive diagnosis of oral leukoplakia were enrolled.

Survivin overexpression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas as a new therapeutic target (Review).

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. It has poor clinical outcome due to intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Deregulation of both apoptosis and autophagy contributes to chemotherapy resistance and disease progression.

Overexpression of ADAR1 into the cytoplasm correlates with a better prognosis of patients with oral squamous cells carcinoma.

Background: ADAR1 is an enzymatic protein, which catalyzes a RNA editing reaction by converting Adenosine to Inosine, and its expression has been found to be dysregulated in many cancer types. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of ADAR1 in oral squamous cells carcinoma.

Methods: In order to analyze the ADAR1 mRNA expression, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were downloaded and analyzed.