Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study at a Regional Hospital.

Background: Monoclonal antibodies represent one option for treatment of COVID-19 early after infection. Although large clinical trials have been successfully conducted, real world data are needed to obtain a realistic assessment of the assumed effect on hospitalization rates.

Methods: For this retrospective, observational study, clinical data were collected in 2021 from outpatients (402) as well as hospitalized patients (350) receiving monoclonal antibodies Bamlanivimab, Casirivimab/Imdevimab or Etesevimab/Bamlanivimab.

K+ potentiates hyperosmolarity-induced vasorelaxations in rat skeletal muscle arterioles.

Several regulatory mechanisms have been proposed for the exercise hyperemia in skeletal muscles. Since different vasoactive factors might interact during the hyperemic response, we investigated the influence of elevated K(+) concentrations on hyperosmolarity (HO)-induced vasorelaxations. Small gluteal rat arteries were isolated and mounted in an organ bath for isometric tension recording.

The measurement of competitive anxiety during balance beam performance in gymnasts.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate competitive anxiety during balance beam performance in gymnasts. Competitive anxiety was assessed continuously by heart rate monitoring and by retrospective self-report of nervousness in eight female national level gymnasts during their balance beam routine during one competition and two training sessions. A significant negative correlation was found between the score of the retrospective self-report of nervousness and performance during the routine.

Hyperosmolarity causes BK Ca-dependent vasodilatations in rat skeletal muscle arteries.

Purpose: The release of different metabolites during skeletal muscle contraction causes a pronounced increase in extracellular osmolarity (hyperosmolarity (HO)). HO has been considered as a possible mediator of the exercise hyperemia. In the present study, we investigated the vasodilatory effect of physiologically relevant increases in the extracellular osmolarity in isolated rat gluteal muscle arterioles.

Hyperosmolarity increases K+-induced vasodilations in rat skeletal muscle arterioles.

Purpose: Exercise hyperemia is mediated by a multitude of vasoactive metabolites released from the active skeletal muscle. Because several vasoactive factors might interact during the hyperemia response, we investigated the influence of hyperosmolarity (HO) on K(+)-induced relaxations.

Methods: Small gluteal rat arteries (diameter: 245 +/- 6 microm) were isolated and mounted in an organ bath for isometric tension recording.

Potassium potently relaxes small rat skeletal muscle arteries.

Introduction: Skeletal muscle contraction elicits an explosive rise in interstitial potassium (K+) concentration. K+ has been considered as one of the most potent vasoactive metabolites in skeletal muscle arterioles. Studies on isolated blood vessels report large relaxations when extracellular [K+] is increased up to 10 mM.

Treadmill exercise negatively affects visual contribution to static postural stability.

This study was undertaken to explore the nature of impaired postural stability following physical exercise. Nine healthy subjects (aged 24 +/- 3 years) were subjected to 30 min of treadmill walking or running on two separate occasions. Walking and running speeds (1.

Carbohydrate availability affects ammonemia during exercise after beta 2-adrenergic blockade.

Purpose: Beta-adrenergic blockade increases blood ammonia concentration during exercise. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of decreased carbohydrate availability in this process.

Methods: Wistar rats (N = 47) were injected intravenously with a selective beta 2-adrenoceptor blocker (ICI 118,551), placebo, or beta 2-blocker + glucose 1 h before a treadmill exercise test.

Effect of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), glucose, and glucose plus BCAA on endurance performance in rats.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of pre-exercise administration of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), glucose, and glucose plus BCAA on time to exhaustion during treadmill exercise in rats.

Methods: Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with 1 mL of saline (0.9% NaCl), BCAA (30 mg), glucose (100 mg), or glucose plus BCAA 5 min before either 45 min of submaximal exercise (N = 32) or running to exhaustion (N = 24).

Inhaled salbutamol decreases blood ammonia levels during exercise in normal subjects.

The present study examines the effect of salbutamol, a beta2-adrenoreceptor agonist, on blood ammonia levels during an incremental cycle exercise test in healthy non-asthmatic subjects. Blood ammonia levels were lower after inhalation of 400 mcg of salbutamol than after placebo during submaximal exercise: 33+/-2 micromol x l(-1) v.s.

The influence of exercise and dehydration on postural stability.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise-induced and thermal dehydration on postural balance. Eight male subjects cycled for 2 h at a power output equal to 57-63% VO2max on two different occasions: once without drinking (NF) and once with intake of 1.9 l of a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (FR).

Pre-exercise branched-chain amino acid administration increases endurance performance in rats.

This study investigated the effects of pre-exercise branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) administration on blood ammonia levels and on time to exhaustion during treadmill exercise in rats. Adult female Wistar rats were trained on a motor driven treadmill. After a 24-h fast, rats were injected intraperitoneally (i.

Gender differences in blood ammonia response during exercise.

In order to test for possible gender differences in blood ammonia accumulation during exercise, groups of young, physically active women (n = 8) and men (n = 8) performed an incremental load (until exhaustion) and a constant load (30 min at 75% VO2 peak) treadmill exercise test. The groups were matched for physical activity habits. VO2 peak was significantly higher in males (55.

Cardiorespiratory variables during a continuous ramp exercise protocol in normal young adults.

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the cardiorespiratory variables measured during an exercise test with a continuously increasing workload (ramp) protocol are reproducible and to compare them to the values obtained with a step-wise incremental (James) protocol. Twenty normal adolescents and young adults performed two exercise tests on a cycle-ergometer, one with each protocol, and twelve of these subjects additionally performed a second identical ramp test. The results show that the cardiorespiratory variables measured during exercise with ramp protocol are reproducible and that peak values are not different from those obtained with step-wise incremental exercise protocol, except for a higher peak power.

Effects of acute cardioselective and non-selective beta-adrenergic blockade on plasma ammonia levels in exercising dogs.

The aim of this study was to assess plasma ammonia levels during acute treadmill exercise in dogs after intravenous administration of a single dose of different cardioselective (atenolol) and non-selective (sotalol and propranolol) beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. The experiments were performed on 6 male mongrel dogs (20-25 kg) trained to run on a motor driven treadmill. After administration of saline or atenolol, there was no significant increase in plasma ammonia during exercise; propranolol and sotalol however, both non-selective beta-blockers, produced a significant increase in plasma ammonia.

Effects of acute non-selective beta-adrenergic blockade on plasma ammonia levels in exercising dogs.

The purpose of the present study was to document exercise induced hyperammoniemia after blockade of the beta-adrenoceptors and to investigate the effect of administration of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and glucose in these conditions. Seven dogs, chronically instrumented with a catheter in the deep jugular vein and a Doppler probe around the carotid artery were trained to perform a ten-minute treadmill exercise test. Administration of propranolol i.

Blood ammonia response to treadmill and bicycle exercise in man.

Nine male healthy and physically active volunteers performed four different exercise tests: an incremental load exercise test to exhaustion and a constant load exercise test of 15 min at 65% VO2max, both on the bicycle ergometer and on the treadmill. During the incremental exercise test, blood ammonia levels were significantly higher on the bicycle ergometer as compared to the treadmill at the same submaximal VO2 (p < 0.05 at 80% of VO2max) and at the VO2max, which was identical in the two modes of exercise.

The antiserotonin agent pizotifen does not increase endurance performance in humans.

This study investigated the effect of the serotonin receptor antagonist pizotifen on endurance performance during treadmill exercise in humans. Eight healthy men exercised to exhaustion on a treadmill at an intensity corresponding to 70% of their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Pizotifen was administered orally in a 1-mg dose 5 h before the start of exercise.

Effect of adrenergic receptor blockade on plasma testosterone response to exercise in conscious dogs.

The aim of this study was 1) to establish the relationship between testosterone (T) levels and the intensity and duration of exercise in conscious dogs, and 2) to investigate the involvement of the sympathetic system in the response of plasma T to acute exercise. The experiments were performed on 14 male mongrel dogs (20-25 kg) trained to run on a motor driven treadmill. Testosterone (T), cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, lactate and haematocrit were measured in arterial blood samples.

Effect of specific test procedures on plasma lactate concentration and peak oxygen uptake in endurance athletes.

Plasma lactate accumulation during submaximal work and VO2peak were determined on the bicycle ergometer and on the treadmill in all round trained control subjects (n = 9) and in specifically trained athletes such as distance runners (n = 9) and racing cyclists (n = 8). Plasma lactate concentration at equivalent levels of oxygen uptake was lower during treadmill exercise than during bicycle exercise in the controls and in the runners, but the difference between the two work modalities was more pronounced in the runners. In contrast to the runners, the cyclists had a higher plasma lactate concentration on the treadmill.

[Alpha-adrenergic control of coronary circulation and left ventricular function during exertion].

Sympathetic activation is responsible for a striking inotropic and chronotropic response as well as for important coronary hyperemia during exercise. However the exact role of the coronary and myocardial alpha adrenergic receptors during sympathetic activation is not well defined. It is well accepted that coronary artery smooth muscle contains both alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors which elicit a vasoconstrictor response upon neurogenic and humoral stimulation.

Effects of diltiazem and atenolol on exercise performance in man.

The effects of diltiazem and atenolol on exercise performance were studied in 9 healthy and physically fit volunteers according to a double-blind cross-over design. All subjects performed, with an interval of 1 week, 3 exercise tests on a treadmill with stepwise increase of the workload until exhaustion. Two hours prior to each exercise test they received in a randomised order placebo, diltiazem 120 mg or atenolol 100 mg.

Cardiorespiratory response to bicycle and rowing ergometer exercise in oarsmen.

Maximal aerobic power and related variables during submaximal work were determined on the bicycle and on the rowing ergometer in 9 oarsmen and in 9 control subjects. During submaximal work, heart rate and pulmonary ventilation were similar with the two exercise procedures in each group, but the oarsmen had lower values than the control subjects. Oxygen uptake at a given workload was higher on the rowing ergometer than on the bicycle ergometer for both the oarsmen and the control subjects.