The translocation of a chloride channel from the Golgi to the plasma membrane helps plants adapt to salt stress.

A key mechanism employed by plants to adapt to salinity stress involves maintaining ion homeostasis via the actions of ion transporters. While the function of cation transporters in maintaining ion homeostasis in plants has been extensively studied, little is known about the roles of their anion counterparts in this process. Here, we describe a mechanism of salt adaptation in plants.

Arabidopsis class II TPS controls root development and confers salt stress tolerance through enhanced hydrophobic barrier deposition.

The mechanism of conferring salt tolerance by AtTPS9 involves enhanced deposition of suberin lamellae in the Arabidopsis root endodermis, resulting in reduction of Na transported to the leaves. Members of the class I trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) enzymes are known to play an important role in plant growth and development in Arabidopsis. However, class II TPSs and their functions in salinity stress tolerance are not well studied.

High-affinity potassium transporter from a mangrove tree Avicennia officinalis increases salinity tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Salinity reduces the growth and productivity of crop plants worldwide. Mangroves have evolved efficient ion homeostasis mechanisms to survive under their natural saline growth habitat. Information obtained from them may be utilized for increasing the salt tolerance of crop plants.

WRKY9 transcription factor regulates cytochrome P450 genes CYP94B3 and CYP86B1, leading to increased root suberin and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis.

Salinity affects crop productivity worldwide and mangroves growing under high salinity exhibit adaptations such as enhanced root apoplastic barrier to survive under such conditions. We have identified two cytochrome P450 family genes, AoCYP94B3 and AoCYP86B1 from the mangrove tree Avicennia officinalis and characterized them using atcyp94b3 and atcyp86b1, which are mutants of their putative Arabidopsis orthologs and the corresponding complemented lines with A. officinalis genes.

Functional characterization and expression profiling of glyoxalase III genes in date palm grown under abiotic stresses.

Methylglyoxal (MG), a by-product of various metabolic processes, including glycolysis, is a highly reactive cytotoxic metabolite. The level of MG in the cell is maintained at a non-toxic level via MG detoxification pathways such as the universal glyoxalase system, including glyoxalase I/II/III enzymes. Glyoxalase III (DJ-1) can breakdown MG to d-lactate in a single step without reducing glutathione (GSH).

Regulation of Expression by bHLH and WRKY Transcription Factors Helps to Confer Increased Salt Tolerance to Plants.

Potassium transporters play an essential role in maintaining cellular ion homeostasis, turgor pressure, and pH, which are critical for adaptation under salt stress. We identified a salt responsive KUP/HAK/KT transporter family gene, , which has high sequence similarity to its ortholog . These genes were functionally characterized in mutant yeast cells and plants.

Regulation of a Cytochrome P450 Gene by WRKY33 Transcription Factor Controls Apoplastic Barrier Formation in Roots to Confer Salt Tolerance.

Salinity is an environmental stress that causes decline in crop yield. and other mangroves have adaptations such as ultrafiltration at the roots aided by apoplastic cell wall barriers to thrive in saline conditions. We studied a cytochrome P450 gene from , , and its putative ortholog in Arabidopsis (), , which are involved in apoplastic barrier formation.

Molecular Characterization of a Date Palm Vascular Highway 1-Interacting Kinase () Under Abiotic Stresses.

The date palm () is an extremophile plant that can adapt to various abiotic stresses including drought and salinity. Salinity tolerance is a complex trait controlled by numerous genes. Identification and functional characterization of salt-responsive genes from the date palm is fundamental to understand salinity tolerance at the molecular level in this plant species.

Expression of AoNHX1 increases salt tolerance of rice and Arabidopsis, and bHLH transcription factors regulate AtNHX1 and AtNHX6 in Arabidopsis.

Expression of AoNHX1 from the mangrove Avicennia increases salt tolerance of rice and Arabidopsis, and specific bHLH transcription factors regulate AtNHX1 and AtNHX6 in Arabidopsis to mediate the salinity response. Improving crop plants to better tolerate soil salinity is a challenging task. Mangrove trees such as Avicennia officinalis have special adaptations to thrive in high salt conditions, which include subcellular compartmentalization of ions facilitated by specialized ion transporters.

OsTPS8 controls yield-related traits and confers salt stress tolerance in rice by enhancing suberin deposition.

Class I TREHALOSE-PHOSPHATE-SYNTHASE (TPS) genes affect salinity tolerance and plant development. However, the function of class IITPS genes and their underlying mechanisms of action are unknown. We report the identification and functional analysis of a rice class IITPS gene (OsTPS8).

Transcriptomics analysis of salt stress tolerance in the roots of the mangrove Avicennia officinalis.

Salinity affects growth and development of plants, but mangroves exhibit exceptional salt tolerance. With direct exposure to salinity, mangrove roots possess specific adaptations to tolerate salt stress. Therefore, studying the early effects of salt on mangrove roots can help us better understand the tolerance mechanisms.

Data in support of the proteomic analysis of plasma membrane and tonoplast from the leaves of mangrove plant Avicennia officinalis.

The data provides information in support of the research article, Proteomics 2014, 14, 2545-2557 [1]. Raw data is available from the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partnerRepository [2] with the dataset identifier PXD000837. Plasma membrane and tonoplast proteins from the leaves of Avicennia officinalis were identified using gel electrophoresis (one and two dimensional) combined with LC-MS analysis.

Proteomic analysis of plasma membrane and tonoplast from the leaves of mangrove plant Avicennia officinalis.

In order to understand the salt tolerance and secretion in mangrove plant species, gel electrophoresis coupled with LC-MS-based proteomics was used to identify key transport proteins in the plasma membrane (PM) and tonoplast fractions of Avicennia officinalis leaves. PM and tonoplast proteins were purified using two-aqueous-phase partitioning and density gradient centrifugation, respectively. Forty of the 254 PM proteins and 31 of the 165 tonoplast proteins identified were predicted to have transmembrane domains.

Role of root hydrophobic barriers in salt exclusion of a mangrove plant Avicennia officinalis.

Salt exclusion at the roots and salt secretion in the leaves were examined in a mangrove, Avicennia officinalis. The non-secretor mangrove Bruguiera cylindrica was used for comparative study of hydrophobic barrier formation in the roots. Bypass flow was reduced when seedlings were previously treated with high salt concentration.

Root apoplastic barriers block Na+ transport to shoots in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Rice is an important crop that is very sensitive to salinity. However, some varieties differ greatly in this feature, making investigations of salinity tolerance mechanisms possible. The cultivar Pokkali is salinity tolerant and is known to have more extensive hydrophobic barriers in its roots than does IR20, a more sensitive cultivar.

The role of root apoplastic transport barriers in salt tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Increasing soil salinity reduces crop yields worldwide, with rice being particularly affected. We have examined the correlation between apoplastic barrier formation in roots, Na+ uptake into shoots and plant survival for three rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars of varying salt sensitivity: the salt-tolerant Pokkali, moderately tolerant Jaya and sensitive IR20.