Differential Glial Chitotriosidase 1 and Chitinase 3-like Protein 1 Expression in the Human Primary Visual Cortex and Cerebellum after Global Hypoxia-Ischemia.

Here, we studied the neuroinflammation- and ischemia-related glial markers chitotriosidase 1 (CHIT1) and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1, alias YKL-40) in the human striate cortex and cerebellum at different time points after global hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI). Both regions differ considerably in their glial cell population but are supplied by the posterior circulation. CHIT1 and CHI3L1 expression was compared to changes in microglial (IBA1, CD68), astrocytic (GFAP, S100β), and neuronal markers (H&E, neurofilament heavy chain, NfH; calretinin, CALR) using immunohistochemistry and multiple-label immunofluorescence.

Kinetics of ethylene and ethylene oxide in subcellular fractions of lungs and livers of male B6C3F1 mice and male fischer 344 rats and of human livers.

Ethylene (ET) is metabolized in mammals to the carcinogenic ethylene oxide (EO). Although both gases are of high industrial relevance, only limited data exist on the toxicokinetics of ET in mice and of EO in humans. Metabolism of ET is related to cytochrome P450-dependent mono-oxygenase (CYP) and of EO to epoxide hydrolase (EH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST).

Forensic aspects of post-mortem histological detection of amniotic fluid embolism.

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) continues to be one of the most feared and devastating complications of pregnancy. A reliable diagnosis can be made only upon histological examination. A detection of AFE every now and then has a relevant implication on medico-legal aspects of intrapartum or post-partum maternal death.

Tourniquet use in childhood: a harmless procedure?

Tourniquet ischemia is widely used in limb surgery in every age group. In adults, tourniquet-related deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are recognized complications of tourniquet use. In healthy children, tourniquet-associated alterations of blood clotting physiology are assumed to have no clinical impact.

Death due to neurogenic shock following gastric rupture in an anorexia nervosa patient.

We report a case of fatal gastric rupture discovered after death, which developed due to a bulimic attack of a 19-year-old woman suffering from anorexia nervosa. An autopsy revealed an acute gastric dilatation and rupture without commonly observed ischemic damage of gastric wall structures. However, it may be difficult to determine the cause of death despite the marked findings.

[Sudden death caused by an arterial hydatid embolism].

History: A 45-year-old woman from Turkey who had been living in Germany for 6 years, suddenly became short of breath, developed seizures and died within 2 minutes. There was no evidence of previous illness.

Investigations: At autopsy a large hydatid and many other hydatids of varying sizes were found inside the left heart.

Microscopic and thermal characterization of hydrogen peroxide killing and lysis of spores and protection by transition metal ions, chelators, and antioxidants.

Killing of bacterial spores by H(2)O(2) at elevated but sublethal temperatures and neutral pH occurred without lysis. However, with prolonged exposure or higher concentrations of the agent, secondary lytic processes caused major damage successively to the coat, cortex, and protoplast, as evidenced by electron and phase contrast microscopy. These processes were also reflected in changes in differential scanning calorimetric profiles for H(2)O(2)-treated spores.

[The juxta-oral organ (Chievitz organ)--a sensory organ in the bucco-temporal area?].

Samples of a juxtaoral organ were examined immunohistochemically with antibodies against light-chain cytokeratin (KL-1), cytokeratin 19, desmin, chromogranin, neuron-specific enolase, and S-100 protein. The epithelial cells were found to be immunoreactive only with the two cytokeratin antibodies. Transmission electron microscopy was also performed.

Purification and characterization of Klebsiella aerogenes UreE protein: a nickel-binding protein that functions in urease metallocenter assembly.

The Klebsiella aerogenes ureE gene product was previously shown to facilitate assembly of the urease metallocenter (Lee, M.H., et al.

Homicide with a captive bolt pistol.

A homicide with a captive bolt pistol (slaughterer's gun) is reported. The construction and the function of this "humane killer" as well as the typical patterns of injury are described.

Heat killing of bacterial spores analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry.

Thermograms of the exosporium-lacking dormant spores of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 33729, obtained by differential scanning calorimetry, showed three major irreversible endothermic transitions with peaks at 56, 100, and 114 degrees C and a major irreversible exothermic transition with a peak at 119 degrees C. The 114 degrees C transition was identified with coat proteins, and the 56 degrees C transition was identified with heat inactivation. Thermograms of the germinated spores and vegetative cells were much alike, including an endothermic transition attributable to DNA.

Rhizobium lipopolysaccharide modulates infection thread development in white clover root hairs.

The interaction between Rhizobium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and white clover roots was examined. The Limulus lysate assay indicated that Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii (hereafter called R.

Involvement of a Collar Structure in Polar Growth and Cell Division of Strain DCB-1.

Microscopic methods were used to investigate the unique collar structure of the gram-negative sulfate-reducing bacterium, strain DCB-1. Polar cell growth apparently occurred from the collar. When the daughter cell was approximately equal in length to the mother cell and the collar was thus centrally located, cell division occurred within the collar region.

Localization of the cytochrome cd1 and copper nitrite reductases in denitrifying bacteria.

The locations of cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens and copper nitrite reductases in Achromobacter cycloclastes and Achromobacter xylosoxidans were identified. Immunogold labeling with colloidal-gold probes showed that the nitrite reductases were synthesized exclusively in anaerobically grown (denitrifying) cells. Little immunogold label occurred in the cytoplasm of these four strains; most was found in the periplasmic space or was associated with cell membranes.

[Myoglobin concentrations of cadaver blood in fatal electric injuries].

In cases of death due to electrical current frequently autopsies do not reveal makroscopic findings. Recent reports indicated, that an increased concentration of myoglobin in blood sampled from the heart and femoral vein as a sign of membraneous alteration related to electrical current passing the human body is applicable to prove death from electricity, as far as other factors extremely influencing myoglobin concentration can be excluded. Determination of myoglobin by radioimmunoassay performed on 5 cases of death caused by electrical current, 3 cases of sudden death due to heart disease and several other causes of death did not verify any correlation between myoglobin concentration and causes of death.

Influence of pH extremes on sporulation and ultrastructure of Sarcina ventriculi.

Distinct morphological changes in the ultrastructure of Sarcina ventriculi were observed when cells were grown in medium of constant composition at pH extremes of 3.0 and 8.0.

Regulation of gene expression and cellular localization of cloned Klebsiella aerogenes (K. pneumoniae) urease.

The genes for Klebsiella aerogenes (K. pneumoniae) urease were cloned and the protein was overexpressed (up to 18% of total protein consisted of this enzyme) in several hosts. The small size of the DNA encoding urease (3.

Low heat resistance of Bacillus sphaericus spores correlated with high protoplast water content.

The low heat resistance (D100 = 0.554 min, z = 13.4 degrees C) of dormant lysozyme-sensitized spores of Bacillus sphaericus 9602 was correlated with a low protoplast wet density (1.