Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters.

The superconducting properties of 85 nm thick hafnium thin films with a 5 nm thick titanium layer on top have been investigated for three different geometries, that is, a film covering the entire 7 × 7 mm chip surface, bridges with a width of 200 μm and length up to 1800 μm, and bridges in the form of squares with sides from 100 to 1000 μm. The bridges were formed by a photolithographic lift-off process and are intended to be used as the main sensing element of a microcalorimeter based on a transition-edge sensor (TES) in experiments to determine the magnetic moment of neutrinos. Based on the measurements of the critical current, the critical temperature, and the width of the superconducting transition, we estimate the energy resolution δ of the TES prototypes, showing that it is possible to fabricate microcalorimeters with δ less than 1 eV using these films.

Independent evaluation of the accuracy of 5 artificial intelligence software for detecting lung nodules on chest X-rays.

Background: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into medicine is growing, with some experts predicting its standalone use soon. However, skepticism remains due to limited positive outcomes from independent validations. This research evaluates AI software's effectiveness in analyzing chest X-rays (CXR) to identify lung nodules, a possible lung cancer indicator.

Conjugate of Natural Bacteriochlorin with Doxorubicin for Combined Photodynamic and Chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy is among the main classical approaches to the treatment of oncologic diseases. Its efficiency has been comprehensively proven by clinical examinations; however, the low selectivity of chemotherapeutic agents limits the possibilities of this method, making it necessary to search for new approaches to the therapy of oncologic diseases. Photodynamic therapy is the least invasive method and a very efficient alternative for the treatment of malignant tumors; however, its efficiency depends on the depth of light penetration into the tissue and on the degree of oxygenation of the treatment zone.

Antitumor effect of nanophotothermolysis mediated by zinc phthalocyanine particles.

Nanophotothermolysis (NPhT) effect is considered to be an approach for the development of highly selective modalities for anticancer treatment. Herein, we evaluated an antitumor efficacy of NPhT with intravenously injected zinc phthalocyanine particles (ZnPcPs) in murine subcutaneous syngeneic tumor models. In S37 sarcoma-bearing mice a biodistribution of ZnPcPs was studied and the high antitumor efficacy of ZnPcPs-mediated NPhT was shown, including a response of metastatic lesions.

Correction: Yagolovich et al. DR5-Selective TRAIL Variant DR5-B Functionalized with Tumor-Penetrating iRGD Peptide for Enhanced Antitumor Activity against Glioblastoma. 2022, , 12687.

In the original publication [...

Radiosensitizing effects of heparinized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in colon cancer.

The combination of radiation treatment and chemotherapy is currently the standard for management of cancer patients. However, safe doses do not often provide effective therapy, then pre-treated patients are forced to repeat treatment with often already increased tumor resistance to drugs and irradiation. One of the solutions we suggest is to improve primary course of radiation treatment via enhancing radiosensitivity of tumors by magnetic-guided iron oxide nanoparticles (magnetite).

[Ankle replacement for severe post-traumatic deformation of the distal tibia: a case report].

Objective: To evaluate the immediate results of ankle replacement with original prosthesis in a patient with severe post-traumatic deformation of the distal tibia.

Material And Methods: When developing the original design of ankle prosthesis, we considered foreign analogues of classical and revision models of ankle prostheses taking into account their shortcomings. In this case, an integrated approach was used.

Measurements of dichroic bow-tie antenna arrays with integrated cold-electron bolometers using YBCO oscillators.

We consider properties of dichroic antenna arrays on a silicon substrate with integrated cold-electron bolometers to detect radiation at frequencies of 210 and 240 GHz. This frequency range is widely used in cosmic microwave background experiments in space, balloon, and ground-based missions such as BICEP Array, LSPE, LiteBIRD, QUBIC, Simons Observatory, and AliCPT. As a direct radiation detector, we use cold-electron bolometers, which have high sensitivity and a wide operating frequency range, as well as immunity to spurious cosmic rays.

Investigation of Hafnium Thin Films for Design of TES Microcalorimeters.

Hafnium is a superconductor with a transition temperature slightly above 100 mK. This makes it attractive for such applications as microcalorimeters with high energy resolution. We report the superconducting properties of Hf films of thicknesses ranging from 60 to 115 nm, deposited on Si and AlO substrates by electron beam evaporation.

Preclinical Study of Therapeutic Efficacy of a New Russian Radiopharmaceutical Lu-DOTA-PSMA.

The therapeutic efficacy of a Russian radiopharmaceutical Lu-DOTA-PSMA was studied in vivo using male BALB/c nu/nu (nude) mice with prostate carcinoma 22Rv1 xenografts by tumor growth inhibition criterion. The mean tumor volumes in mice treated with Lu-DOTA-PSMA were significantly lower than in animals of the control group. There were no significant differences in the values of tumor growth inhibition between the groups of animals receiving 3.

Advantages of Long-Wavelength Photosensitizer -Tetra(3-pyridyl) Bacteriochlorin in the Therapy of Bulky Tumors.

This research presents a novel synthetic photosensitizer for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of malignant tumors: meso-tetra(3-pyridyl) bacteriochlorin, which absorbs at 747 nm (in the long-wavelength region of the spectrum) and is stable when stored in the dark. HPyBC demonstrates pronounced photoinduced activity in vitro against tumor cells of various geneses (IC varies from 21 to 68 nM for HEp2, EJ, S37, CT26, and LLC cultured cells) and in vivo provides pronounced antitumor efficacy in the treatment of mice bearing small or large S37, Colo26, or LLC metastatic tumors, as well as in the treatment of rats bearing RS-1 liver cholangioma. As a result, total regression of primary tumor nodules and cure of 40 to 100% of the animals was proven by the experiment criteria, MRI, and histological analysis.

Effect of Substrates on the Physicochemical Properties of LiLaZrO Films Obtained by Electrophoretic Deposition.

Thin film technology of lithium-ion solid electrolytes should be developed for the creation of all-solid-state power sources. Solid electrolytes of the LiLaZrO (LLZ) family are one of the promising membranes for all-solid-state batteries. LLZ films were obtained by electrophoretic deposition on Ti, Ni and steel substrates.

Dual targeting of DR5 and VEGFR2 molecular pathways by multivalent fusion protein significantly suppresses tumor growth and angiogenesis.

Destroying tumor vasculature is a relevant therapeutic strategy due to its involvement in tumor progression. However, adaptive resistance to approved antiangiogenic drugs targeting VEGF/VEGFR pathway requires the recruitment of additional targets. In this aspect, targeting TRAIL pathway is promising as it is an important component of the immune system involved in tumor immunosurveillance.

Development of a Dosage form for a Photoswitchable Local Anesthetic Ethercaine.

The toxicity of local anesthetics is a serious problem, given their widespread use. One of the main causes of the side effects of local anesthetics is their non-selectivity of action in the body. A possible way to increase the selectivity of the action of drugs is to use the photopharmacology approach.

Synthesis of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted Bimodal Conjugates of Cytotoxic Agents and Antiandrogens and Their Comparative Assessment with Monoconjugates.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men. We designed and synthesized new ligands targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen and suitable for bimodal conjugates with diagnostic and therapeutic agents. studies of the affinity of the synthesized compounds to the protein target have been carried out.

Effect of Lu-Doping on Electrical Properties of Strontium Zirconate.

SrZrO-based perovskites are promising proton-conducting membranes for use in fuel and electrolysis cells, sensors, hydrogen separators, etc., because they combine good proton conductivity with excellent chemical stability. In the present research, the effect of Lu-doping on microstructure, phase composition, and electrical conductivity of SrZrLuxO (x = 0-0.

Humanized Mouse Model of HIV Infection.

The development of new drugs for the treatment of HIV infection requires testing of their efficacy in a relevant animal model, such as humanized mice, which, unfortunately, are not yet available in Russia. In the present study, we have developed conditions for the humanization of immunodeficient NSG mice with human hematopoietic stem cells. Humanized animals generated during the study showed a high degree of chimerism and harbored repopulation of the entire range of human lymphocytes required for HIV replication in the blood and organs.

Thiocarbonyl Derivatives of Natural Chlorins: Synthesis Using Lawesson's Reagent and a Study of Their Properties.

The development of sulfur-containing pharmaceutical compounds is important in the advancement of medicinal chemistry. Photosensitizers (PS) that acquire new properties upon incorporation of sulfur-containing groups or individual sulfur atoms into their structure are not neglected, either. In this work, a synthesis of sulfur-containing derivatives of natural chlorophyll using Lawesson's reagent was optimized.

Electrophoretic Deposition and Characterization of Thin-Film Membranes LiLaZrO.

In the presented study, films from tetragonal LiLaZrO were obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) for the first time. To obtain a continuous and homogeneous coating on Ni and Ti substrates, iodine was added to the LiLaZrO suspension. The EPD regime was developed to carry out the stable process of deposition.

Cytostatic Activity of Combretastatin A-4 Derivatives in an In Vitro System.

Cytostatic activity of combretastatin A-4, its 11 analogues, and paclitaxel (Taxacad) was evaluated in vitro on human tumor cells A549 (lung adenocarcinoma) and PC-3 (prostate adenocarcinoma) in order to find the active and stable compound as a promising antitumor agent. 5-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-isoxazole (compound 123124) and 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-isoxazole (compound 29310186) demonstrated the highest cytostatic activity (IC≈8×10 М). The activity of two other cytotoxic compounds (2E)-1-(7-methoxy-2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (compound 104815) and 4-(3-amino-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole hydrochloride (compound 198732) was close to that of Taxacad: IC 65×10 and 80×10 М, respectively, and are also promising active components for the development of antitumor drugs.

[Endovascular embolization for prevention of recurrent bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract].

Objective: To evaluate the results of preventive endovascular hemostasis in patients with high risk of recurrent bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Material And Methods: We analyzed treatment outcomes in 158 patients with ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding and high risk of recurrence (≥17 scores), Forrest 1-2 A/B and mortality (SAPS II score ≥30). Endovascular embolization of the left gastric or gastroduodenal artery was performed to prevent recurrent bleeding.

-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Metal Complexes Based on Histidine and Histamine Derivatives of Bacteriopurpurinimide for the Combined Chemo- and Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently regarded as a promising method for the treatment of oncological diseases. However, it involves a number of limitations related to the specific features of the method and the specific characteristics of photosensitizer molecules, including tumor hypoxia, small depth of light penetration into the tumor tissue, and low accumulation sensitivity. These drawbacks can be overcome by combining PDT with other treatment methods, for example, chemotherapy.

A New Glutathione-Cleavable Theranostic for Photodynamic Therapy Based on Bacteriochlorin e and Styrylnaphthalimide Derivatives.

Herein, we report a new conjugate BChl-S-S-NI based on the second-generation photosensitizer bacteriochlorin (BChl) and a 4-styrylnaphthalimide fluorophore (NI), which is cleaved into individual functional fragments in the intracellular medium. The chromophores in the conjugate were cross-linked by click chemistry via a bis(azidoethyl)disulfide bridge which is reductively cleaved by the intracellular enzyme glutathione (GSH). A photophysical investigation of the conjugate in solution by using optical spectroscopy revealed that the energy transfer process is realized with high efficiency in the conjugated system, leading to the quenching of the emission of the fluorophore fragment.

Cold-adapted SARS-CoV-2 variants with different temperature sensitivity exhibit an attenuated phenotype and confer protective immunity.

As novel SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern emerge, the efficacy of existing vaccines against COVID-19 is declining. A possible solution to this problem lies in the development of a live attenuated vaccine potentially able of providing cross-protective activity against a wide range of SARS-CoV-2 antigenic variants. Cold-adapted (ca) SARS-CoV-2 variants, Dubrovka-ca-B4 (D-B4) and Dubrovka-ca-D2 (D-D2), were obtained after long-term passaging of the Dubrovka (D) strain in Vero cells at reduced temperatures.

[Hybrid interventions for tandem occlusions in acute phase of ischemic stroke].

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of hybrid interventions, i.e. endovascular mechanical thrombectomy from intracranial arteries combined with open thrombectomy or carotid endarterectomy from extracranial internal carotid artery.