Plant traits and associated data from a warming experiment, a seabird colony, and along elevation in Svalbard.

The Arctic is warming at a rate four times the global average, while also being exposed to other global environmental changes, resulting in widespread vegetation and ecosystem change. Integrating functional trait-based approaches with multi-level vegetation, ecosystem, and landscape data enables a holistic understanding of the drivers and consequences of these changes. In two High Arctic study systems near Longyearbyen, Svalbard, a 20-year ITEX warming experiment and elevational gradients with and without nutrient input from nesting seabirds, we collected data on vegetation composition and structure, plant functional traits, ecosystem fluxes, multispectral remote sensing, and microclimate.

Correction: Heritable heading time variation in wheat lines with the same number of Ppd-B1 gene copies.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Heritable heading time variation in wheat lines with the same number of Ppd-B1 gene copies.

The ability of plants to identify an optimal flowering time is critical for ensuring the production of viable seeds. The main environmental factors that influence the flowering time include the ambient temperature and day length. In wheat, the ability to assess the day length is controlled by photoperiod (Ppd) genes.

Transgenic line for the identification of cholinergic release sites in .

The identification of neurotransmitter type used by a neuron is important for the functional dissection of neuronal circuits. In the model organism , several methods for discerning the neurotransmitter systems are available. Here, we expanded the toolbox for the identification of cholinergic neurons by generating a new line FRT-STOP-FRT-VAChT::HA that is a conditional tagged knock-in of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter () gene in its endogenous locus.

RNA-Seq Transcriptome Analysis of Direction-Selective T4/T5 Neurons in Drosophila.

Neuronal computation underlying detection of visual motion has been studied for more than a half-century. In Drosophila, direction-selective T4/T5 neurons show supralinear signal amplification in response to stimuli moving in their preferred direction, in agreement with the prediction made by the Hassenstein-Reichardt detector. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism explaining how the Hassenstein-Reichardt model is implemented in T4/T5 cells has not been identified yet.

Neural Circuit to Integrate Opposing Motions in the Visual Field.

When navigating in their environment, animals use visual motion cues as feedback signals that are elicited by their own motion. Such signals are provided by wide-field neurons sampling motion directions at multiple image points as the animal maneuvers. Each one of these neurons responds selectively to a specific optic flow-field representing the spatial distribution of motion vectors on the retina.

The molecular mechanisms of transition between mesenchymal and amoeboid invasiveness in tumor cells.

Tumor cells exhibit at least two distinct modes of migration when invading the 3D environment. A single tumor cell's invasive strategy follows either mesenchymal or amoeboid patterns. Certain cell types can use both modes of invasiveness and undergo transitions between them.

Relationships among vernalization, shoot apex development and frost tolerance in wheat.

Background And Aims: Frost tolerance of wheat depends primarily upon a strong vernalization requirement, delaying the transition to the reproductive phase. The aim of the present study was to learn how saturation of the vernalization requirement and apical development stage are related to frost tolerance in wheat.

Methods: 'Mironovskaya 808', a winter variety with a long vernalization requirement, and 'Leguan', a spring variety without a vernalization requirement, were acclimated at 2 degrees C at different stages of development.

Tulipa gesneriana bulb extracts activate promutagenic 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in the salmonella/ames assay.

Crude extracts from Tulipa gesneriana bulbs have been tested for their ability to activate 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay. Bacteria of strain TA98 were incubated for 30 min at 37 degrees C with the mixture of the promutagen and bulb extracts prior to plating. The frequency of his+ revertants increased in relation to both the promutagenic dose and the amount of bulb extract in the mixture, and under optimal conditions, was more than 50 times higher than the value found after the action of the promutagen alone.