Integration of Cointercalation and Adsorption Enabling Superior Rate Performance of Carbon Anodes for Symmetric Sodium-Ion Capacitors.

Carbon materials have been the most common anodes for sodium-ion storage. However, it is well-known that most carbon materials cannot obtain a satisfactory rate performance because of the sluggish kinetics of large-sized sodium-ion intercalation in ordered carbon layers. Here, we propose an integration of co-intercalation and adsorption instead of conventional simplex-intercalation and adsorption to promote the rate capability of sodium-ion storage in carbon materials.